Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J World Fed Orthod. 2021 Sep;10(3):98-104. doi: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.06.001. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Corrosion of metal orthodontic appliances caused by professional fluoride products has been recently concerned. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of these products on buccal mucosal cells from patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.
A total of 44 patients, aged 12 to 35 years, who began orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were included in this single-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into 4 parallel groups according to the type of professional fluoride treatment applied after placing the appliances: acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF); neutral fluoride gel (NGel); fluoride varnish (FVa); and without fluoride treatment (control). Buccal cells were collected before treatment (T1) and 3 months after appliance placement (T2). The cells were assayed for cell viability and underwent Papanicolaou staining. Cells with micronuclei and degenerative nuclear alterations were scored using a light microscope. Cell metal content was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test.
The intracellular nickel content in the APF group significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas that of the control, NGel, and FVa groups did not. The changes in chromium concentration in all groups were not significantly different compared with control. Use of APF resulted in a significantly higher decrease in cell viability and increase in morphologic signs of cell death compared with control (P < 0.05). The change in frequency of micronucleated cells was not significantly different from that in the control group.
Applying APF gel on fixed orthodontic appliances increased the cell metal content and decreased cell viability; however, genotoxic effects were absent. FVa and NGel are suggested as the products of choice to use during orthodontic treatment.
金属正畸器械被专业氟化物产品腐蚀的问题近来受到关注。因此，本研究旨在评估这些产品对佩戴固定正畸矫治器患者颊黏膜细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。
本单中心前瞻性随机临床试验共纳入 44 例年龄 12 至 35 岁、因正畸治疗而开始使用固定矫治器的患者。患者按使用的专业氟化物处理类型随机分为 4 个平行组：酸性磷酸氟凝胶（APF）；中性氟凝胶（NGel）；氟漆（FVa）；无氟化物处理（对照组）。在治疗前（T1）和放置矫治器 3 个月后（T2）采集颊黏膜细胞。检测细胞活力并进行巴氏染色。用光学显微镜对含微核和退行性核改变的细胞进行评分。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法定量细胞内金属含量。采用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验分析数据。
APF 组细胞内镍含量显著增加（P<0.05），而对照组、NGel 组和 FVa 组则无明显变化。与对照组相比，各组铬浓度变化均无显著差异。与对照组相比，APF 组的细胞活力明显下降，形态学死亡细胞的数量明显增加（P<0.05）。微核细胞频率的变化与对照组无显著差异。
APF 凝胶应用于固定正畸矫治器可增加细胞内金属含量并降低细胞活力，但无遗传毒性作用。FVa 和 NGel 被建议作为正畸治疗中使用的首选产品。
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