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告诉我你与狮子的参观经历:引出事件叙述以考察儿童在当地动物园夏令营期间的记忆和学习情况。

Tell Me About Your Visit With the Lions: Eliciting Event Narratives to Examine Children's Memory and Learning During Summer Camp at a Local Zoo.

作者信息

Kian Tida, Parmar Puneet K, Fabiano Giulia F, Pathman Thanujeni

机构信息

Memory Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2021 Jul 8;12:657454. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657454. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

School-aged children often participate in school field trips, summer camps or visits at informal learning institutions like zoos and museums. However, relatively little is known about children's memory and learning from these experiences, what types of event details and facts are retained, how retention varies across age, and whether different patterns are observed for different types of experiences. We aimed to answer these questions through a partnership with a local zoo. Four- to 10-year-old children ( = 122) participated in a weeklong summer camp, during which they engaged in dynamic events, including visits to zoo animals. On the last day of camp, we elicited autobiographical event narratives for two types of experiences: a child-selected animal event (visit to their favorite animal) and an experimenter-selected animal event. We coded event narratives for length and breadth using previously used autobiographical memory (AM) narrative coding schemes. In addition, we created a coding scheme to examine retention of semantic information (facts). We report the types of autobiographical event details and facts children recalled in their narratives, as well as age group differences that were found to vary depending on the type of information and type of event. Through this naturalistic, yet controlled, study we gain insights into how children remember and learn through hands-on activities and exploration in this engaging and dynamic environment. We discuss how our results provide novel information that can be used by informal learning institutions to promote children's memory and retention of science facts.

摘要

学龄儿童经常参加学校组织的实地考察、夏令营,或参观动物园和博物馆等非正式学习机构。然而,对于儿童从这些经历中的记忆和学习情况,我们了解得相对较少,比如保留了哪些类型的事件细节和事实、记忆保留情况如何随年龄变化,以及不同类型的经历是否会观察到不同的模式。我们旨在通过与当地一家动物园合作来回答这些问题。4至10岁的儿童(n = 122)参加了为期一周的夏令营,在此期间他们参与了各种动态活动,包括参观动物园里的动物。在夏令营的最后一天,我们针对两种经历引出了自传式事件叙述:一种是儿童选择的动物事件(参观他们最喜欢的动物),另一种是实验者选择的动物事件。我们使用先前使用过的自传体记忆(AM)叙述编码方案,对事件叙述的长度和广度进行编码。此外,我们创建了一个编码方案来检查语义信息(事实)的保留情况。我们报告了儿童在叙述中回忆起的自传式事件细节和事实的类型,以及发现因信息类型和事件类型而异的年龄组差异。通过这项自然主义但又受到控制的研究,我们深入了解了儿童在这个引人入胜且充满活力的环境中,如何通过实践活动和探索来记忆和学习。我们讨论了我们的研究结果如何提供新的信息,可供非正式学习机构用来促进儿童对科学事实的记忆和保留。

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