Wang Xuren, Xia Demeng, Zhou Panyu, Gui Li, Wang Yixin
Emergency Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Naval Medical University Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Nursing Department, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA Hainan 572000, PR China.
Am J Transl Res. 2021 Jun 15;13(6):6134-6141. eCollection 2021.
Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) is generally applied by self-aid or buddy-aid for exsanguinating extremity hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy, time and effectiveness between self-aid and buddy aid in ordinary and simulated scenarios.
A total of 64 undergraduates from the Red Cross Commando of a military medical university participated in this study, which involved ordinary and simulated scenarios. In each scenario, every participant completed tourniquet application to upper and lower extremities by self-aid and buddy-aid, respectively. Measures of time, accuracy and effectiveness were assessed by an examiner identically after each application.
Compared with the performance of CAT application by buddy-aid, the time of application to upper extremities by self-aid increased by 8.39 s (<0.001) and 3.24 s to lower extremities (<0.05), and the percentage of pulse elimination by self-aid declined by 13.29% and 10.93% to both upper and lower extremities, respectively (<0.05). Simulated combat performance showed longer time and lower accuracy (<0.05).
The hypothesized different performances between self-aid and buddy-aid, as well as between ordinary and simulated scenarios were verified in this study, indicating the need for superior tourniquet design for self-aid and rigorous deployment readiness training, especially for self-aid in tourniquet application.
战斗应用止血带（CAT）通常由自救或互救用于四肢大出血。本研究的目的是比较在普通和模拟场景下自救与互救在准确性、时间和有效性方面的差异。
一所军医大学红十字突击队的64名本科生参与了本研究，涉及普通和模拟场景。在每个场景中，每位参与者分别通过自救和互救完成对上肢和下肢的止血带应用。每次应用后，由一名检查者相同地评估时间、准确性和有效性的指标。
与互救应用CAT的表现相比，自救应用于上肢的时间增加了8.39秒（<0.001），应用于下肢的时间增加了3.24秒（<0.05），且自救使上肢和下肢脉搏消除的百分比分别下降了13.29%和10.93%（<0.05）。模拟战斗表现显示时间更长且准确性更低（<0.05）。
本研究验证了自救与互救之间以及普通和模拟场景之间假设的不同表现，表明需要为自救设计更优质的止血带以及进行严格的部署准备训练，尤其是在止血带应用的自救方面。
