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挥发性酚类化合物:一类重要的精油成分的抗感染特性的综合综述。

Volatile phenolics: A comprehensive review of the anti-infective properties of an important class of essential oil constituents.

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Drug Development Section, Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B. 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

出版信息

Phytochemistry. 2021 Oct;190:112864. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112864. Epub 2021 Jul 23.

Abstract

Historically, essential oils and their lead molecules have been extensively recognised for their anti-infective properties. In this context, certain volatile phenolics (VPs) have emerged as important antimicrobial compounds with excellent inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which further extends to drug-resistant and biofilm-forming micro-organisms. In this review, we aim to collate and discuss a number of published papers on the anti-infective activities of naturally occurring VPs with special emphasis on eugenol, isoeugenol, thymol and carvacrol, using Scopus Web of Science and PubMed databases. The biosynthesis and extraction of these VPs are discussed, while particular attention is given to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the mechanisms of action. We highlight combinational studies of the VPs with other phytocompounds and with commercially available drugs, which may be a promising and a rewarding future approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. These VPs alone, or concomitantly with other compounds or drugs, have the potential to be incorporated into different formulations for biomedical applications. An in-depth assessment of 2310 articles retrieved from the Scopus database spanning a 35-year period indicated 23.1% increase in global publication growth in VPs anti-infective research, with authors from Italy, Portugal and Austria dominating the research landscape. The dominant areas of investigations are identified as antimicrobial activity, antibacterial mechanism of action, antifungal mechanism of action, extraction methods and phytochemistry, use in the food industry, and for oral and dental anti-infective activity. Specific research areas, which require future attention include; antituberculosis research, nanoparticle formulation of antimicrobial active VP molecules, preclinical and clinical trials. The antimicrobial testing of isoeugenol was found to be the least studied of the VPs and this requires further attention.

摘要

从历史上看,精油及其主要分子因其抗感染特性而得到广泛认可。在这方面,某些挥发性酚类物质 (VPs) 已成为重要的抗菌化合物,对致病细菌和真菌具有极好的抑制活性,进一步扩展到耐药和形成生物膜的微生物。在这篇综述中,我们旨在收集和讨论一些关于天然存在的 VPs 的抗感染活性的已发表论文,特别强调丁香酚、异丁香酚、百里酚和香芹酚,使用 Scopus Web of Science 和 PubMed 数据库。讨论了这些 VPs 的生物合成和提取,同时特别关注它们的广谱抗菌活性和作用机制。我们强调了 VPs 与其他植物化合物和市售药物的组合研究,这可能是对抗抗菌耐药性的一种有前途和有益的未来方法。这些 VPs 单独使用或与其他化合物或药物联合使用,有可能被纳入不同的生物医学应用制剂。对从 Scopus 数据库中检索到的 2310 篇文章进行深入评估,这些文章跨越 35 年的时间,表明 VPs 抗感染研究的全球出版物增长率增加了 23.1%,来自意大利、葡萄牙和奥地利的作者主导着研究格局。确定的主要研究领域包括抗菌活性、抗菌作用机制、抗真菌作用机制、提取方法和植物化学、在食品工业中的用途以及口腔和牙科抗感染活性。需要未来关注的特定研究领域包括:抗结核研究、抗菌活性 VP 分子的纳米颗粒制剂、临床前和临床试验。异丁香酚的抗菌测试被发现是 VPs 中研究最少的,这需要进一步关注。

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