Genetic and Cytology Laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC), Selektsionnaya 14, VNIISSOK Village, 143072 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Chemistry, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy Named after K.A.Timiryazev (RSAU-MTAA), Timiryazevskaya 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 13;24(20):15137. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015137.
Essential oils (EOs) are of commercial importance for medicine, food, cosmetics, the perfume industry, and agriculture. In plants, EOs, like the wax cover, serve as protection against abiotic stresses, such as high temperatures and water deficiency. The use of spraying with exogenous hormones of aromatic plants affects the accumulation and composition of volatile compounds, as well as tolerance to abiotic stress. As a result of cytokinin treatment with 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) (200 mg L) of L. "Uzory" and "Rusich" varieties, several responses to its action were revealed: a change in the division of leaf blades, inhibition of flowering, an increase in the content of EO and its main components -phellandrene and -cymene in leaves, and limonene in umbels and fruits. It was revealed that the increased accumulation of EO in dill leaves was longer with sufficient moisture. In contrast, under conditions of heat and water deficiency, the effect of 6-BAP treatment on accumulations of the EO in leaves was short-lived and did not appear on umbels and fruits. The study of the cytokinin effect on a fine structure of a wax cover on the adaxial side of leaves by scanning electron microscopy revealed a change in its elements (from amorphous layers with scales to thin tubules), which probably increased the sensitivity of leaves to water deficiency and, consequently, led to a decrease in the biosynthetic activity of leaf tissue. Thus, 6-BAP had an impact on the adaptive properties of dill plants, prolonging the "youth" of vegetative organs and the ability to EO biosynthesis under conditions of sufficient moisture.
精油（EOs）在医学、食品、化妆品、香水工业和农业领域具有商业重要性。在植物中，精油（如蜡质覆盖物）起到保护作用，抵御非生物胁迫，如高温和缺水。喷洒外源激素的芳香植物会影响挥发性化合物的积累和组成，以及对非生物胁迫的耐受性。用 6-苄基氨基嘌呤（6-BAP）（200mgL）处理细胞分裂素，对“Uzory”和“Rusich”品种的几种反应：叶片分裂的变化、开花的抑制、精油含量及其主要成分 - 柠檬烯和 - 对伞花烃在叶片中的增加，以及在伞形花序和果实中的柠檬烯。结果表明，在水分充足的情况下，莳萝叶片中精油的积累增加时间更长。相比之下，在高温和缺水条件下，6-BAP 处理对叶片中精油积累的影响是短暂的，不会出现在伞形花序和果实中。通过扫描电子显微镜研究细胞分裂素对叶片上表面蜡质覆盖物的精细结构的影响，发现其元素发生了变化（从无定形层的鳞片变为细管），这可能增加了叶片对缺水的敏感性，从而导致叶片组织的生物合成活性降低。因此，6-BAP 对莳萝植物的适应特性产生了影响，在水分充足的条件下延长了营养器官的“年轻”期和精油生物合成的能力。
