College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China.
Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot 010010, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Jul;32(7):2316-2324. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.003.
Understanding the emission factors of fine particulate matter (PM) released by forest fuel combustion is important for revealing the impacts of forest fire on atmosphere and ecosystem. Water-soluble ions are important components of fine particulate matter, with great significance to the formation of particulate matter. A self-designed biomass combustion system was used to simulate the combustion of three components (trunks, branches, barks) and their surface dead fuel (litter, semi-humus, humus) of five tree species (, , , , ) and branches of three shrub species (, , ) in Great Xing'an Mountains in Inner Mongolia. The water-soluble ion emission factors (Na, NH, K, Mg, Ca, F, Cl, NO, NO, SO) in PM under two combustion conditions (smoldering and flaming) were measured by ISC1100 ion chromatograph. The results showed that for the water-soluble ion detected in PM from combustion of all types of materials, K, Cl and Na were the main components in smoldering, while K, Cl and SO were the main components in flaming. There was significant difference in the total amount of water-soluble ions in PM from the same type of material under different combustion conditions. During the smoldering period, the emission factor of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM of shrub branches was higher than that of flaming. The cation to anion ratio in PM was 1.26 for all trees, 1.12 for surface dead fuel of trees, and 2.0 for branch of shrub, indicating that the particulate matter was alkaline. Forest fires in Great Xing'an Mountains could not result in ecosystem acidification by releasing water-soluble ions.
理解森林燃料燃烧释放的细颗粒物（PM）排放因子对于揭示森林火灾对大气和生态系统的影响非常重要。水溶性离子是细颗粒物的重要组成部分，对颗粒物的形成具有重要意义。本研究采用自行设计的生物质燃烧系统，模拟了内蒙古大兴安岭地区 5 个树种（、、、、）的树干、树枝和树皮以及 3 个灌木种（、、）的树枝和它们的表面死燃料（凋落物、半腐殖质、腐殖质）的燃烧过程，采用 ISC1100 离子色谱仪测量了 PM 中水溶性离子（Na、NH、K、Mg、Ca、F、Cl、NO、NO、SO）排放因子。结果表明：在所有类型材料燃烧产生的 PM 中，水溶性离子以 K、Cl 和 Na 为主；在闷烧和燃烧阶段，K、Cl 和 SO 是主要成分。相同类型材料在不同燃烧条件下 PM 中水溶性离子的总量存在显著差异。在闷烧阶段，灌木枝 PM 中水溶性无机离子的排放因子高于燃烧阶段。所有树木 PM 的阴阳离子比为 1.26，树木表面死燃料的阴阳离子比为 1.12，灌木枝的阴阳离子比为 2.0，表明颗粒物呈碱性。大兴安岭森林火灾通过释放水溶性离子不会导致生态系统酸化。
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