Integration of Functional Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Data to Identify Key Features in Genomic Expression, Metabolites, and Metabolic Pathways of Babesia divergens.

Upon invasion of red blood cells (RBCs), the Apicomplexa parasite Babesia divergens remains within the RBC for several hours and reproduces asexually, resulting in infective free merozoites that egress and destroy the host cell. Free merozoites rapidly seek and invade new uninfected RBCs. This repetitive cycle allows B. divergens to build a complex population of intraerythrocytic and extracellular stages in the bloodstream of humans and cattle, thus causing babesiosis. To compare biological aspects between B. divergens stages, including the different nature of their metabolism, could be key to our understanding of pathogenesis. Thus, we are currently assessing differences in the B. divergens metabolism of intra- and extracellular (free merozoites) life stages by the use of an integrative approach combining functional genomic, transcriptomic, differential expression, and metabolomic data acquired from sequencing and various analytical platforms. To our knowledge, this is the first effort to describe, in detail, the experimental procedures and integration of different omics to explore the regulation of the metabolism, invasion and proliferation mechanisms of B. divergens. This integrative approach can be used as a reference to study other Apicomplexa parasites.