Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, 10405, Stockholm, Sweden.
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
Biol Lett. 2021 Jul;17(7):20210089. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0089. Epub 2021 Jul 28.
Mountain regions contain extraordinary biodiversity. The environmental heterogeneity and glacial cycles often accelerate speciation and adaptation of montane species, but how these processes influence the genomic differentiation of these species is largely unknown. Using a novel chromosome-level genome and population genomic comparisons, we study allopatric divergence and selection in an iconic bird living in a tropical mountain region in New Guinea, Archbold's bowerbird (). Our results show that the two populations inhabiting the eastern and western Central Range became isolated 11 800 years ago, probably because the suitable habitats for this cold-tolerating bird decreased when the climate got warmer. Our genomic scans detect that genes in highly divergent genomic regions are over-represented in developmental processes, which is probably associated with the observed differences in body size between the populations. Overall, our results suggest that environmental differences between the eastern and western Central Range probably drive adaptive divergence between them.
山区拥有非凡的生物多样性。环境异质性和冰川循环常常加速山地物种的形成和适应，但这些过程如何影响这些物种的基因组分化在很大程度上尚不清楚。利用一种新颖的染色体水平基因组和群体基因组比较方法，我们研究了生活在新几内亚热带山区的标志性鸟类——阿氏园丁鸟（）的异域分化和选择。我们的研究结果表明，栖息在东、中中央山脉的两个种群在 11800 年前就已经隔离，这可能是因为这种耐寒鸟类的适宜栖息地随着气候变暖而减少。我们的基因组扫描检测到，高度分化的基因组区域中的基因在发育过程中过度表达，这可能与两个种群之间观察到的体型差异有关。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，中中央山脉东西部之间的环境差异可能导致它们之间的适应性分化。
