Wenzel Sophie G, Zabielski Barbie, Borowski Shelby
Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
New River Health District, Virginia Department of Health, Christiansburg, Virginia, USA.
Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle). 2021 Jul 16;2(1):263-272. doi: 10.1089/whr.2021.0033. eCollection 2021.
Incarceration is associated with negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. We examined contraceptive needs among women incarcerated at a rural Appalachian jail with emphasis on pregnancy history, recent contraceptive use, and current and near-future contraceptive needs. A survey was administered to newly incarcerated women at a jail in Southwest Virginia. It included questions about (1) prior pregnancies; (2) pregnancy intentions, contraceptive use, and sexual activity in the 3 months before jail; (3) unprotected sex in the 5 days before jail; (4) interest in contraceptive education and access during incarceration; and (5) post-release sexual activity, pregnancy, and contraceptive plans. One hundred ninety-three women completed surveys. Analyses focused on the 95 at risk for pregnancy. Fifty-eight percent of prior pregnancies on which women provided intention information were unintended, with 74% of respondents reporting at least 1 such pregnancy. Ninety-four percent of women reported vaginal intercourse during the 3 months before jail. Only 46% of those who did not want to get pregnant reported consistent contraceptive use. Condoms and withdrawal were the most common methods used. Forty percent of women were eligible for emergency contraception (EC). Most (78%) participants anticipated sex with a man within 6 months of release, and most (63%) did not want to become pregnant within a year of release. Almost half (47%) expressed interest in receiving birth control while in jail. Results support the need to offer women EC on incarceration, family planning education during confinement, and effective birth control before release.
监禁与不良的性健康和生殖健康结果相关。我们调查了关押在阿巴拉契亚农村监狱的女性的避孕需求，重点关注怀孕史、近期避孕措施使用情况以及当前和近期的避孕需求。对弗吉尼亚州西南部一所监狱新入狱的女性进行了一项调查。调查内容包括：（1）既往怀孕情况；（2）入狱前3个月的怀孕意愿、避孕措施使用情况和性活动；（3）入狱前5天的无保护性行为；（4）在监禁期间对避孕教育和获取避孕措施的兴趣；（5）出狱后的性活动、怀孕情况和避孕计划。193名女性完成了调查。分析聚焦于95名有怀孕风险的女性。在女性提供意愿信息的既往怀孕中，58%为意外怀孕，74%的受访者报告至少有1次此类怀孕。94%的女性报告在入狱前3个月有过阴道性交。在那些不想怀孕的女性中，只有46%报告持续使用避孕措施。避孕套和体外射精是最常用的方法。40%的女性符合紧急避孕（EC）条件。大多数（78%）参与者预计在出狱后6个月内与男性发生性行为，大多数（63%）不想在出狱后一年内怀孕。近一半（47%）的人表示有兴趣在狱中接受节育措施。结果支持在监禁期间为女性提供紧急避孕、在监禁期间提供计划生育教育以及在出狱前提供有效的节育措施的必要性。
