Division of Research on Children, Youth and Families, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Missouri Western State University, St, Joseph, MO, USA.
Appetite. 2021 Dec 1;167:105610. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105610. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
The Reflective-Impulsive Dual Processes Model suggests that overeating occurs when the temptation to consume food overrides inhibitory control processes. However, how rewards interact with inhibitory control and their relation to children's weight status and food intake is not understood. Here, 7-to-11-year-old children (n = 66; 32 overweight/obese) completed two versions (baseline [i.e., non-reward incentivized/control] and reward incentivized [food, money, no reward]) of a Go/Nogo task. Intake of palatable foods in the absence of hunger (i.e., eating in the absence of hunger-EAH) was measured following a standardized meal. A drift diffusion model was used to characterize children's performance parameters on the Go/Nogo. On the baseline Go/Nogo, children with higher weight status responded more cautiously, but on reward trials for food/money children were more cautions and made more false alarms relative to the no reward condition. Energy intake during EAH positively correlated with FA errors for food and money vs. no reward, but sex moderated this effect such that FA positively associated with EAH in girls but not boys. Independent of sex, FA for money vs. no reward and food vs. money were both positively associated with energy consumed during EAH. These results suggest that the presence of food and money rewards impair inhibitory control processing, especially in children with higher weight status. Further, increased inhibitory control impairment in response to food rewards, specifically, may be a risk factor for disinhibited eating in girls. Though preliminary, results may be useful in the development of targeted treatments to help moderate excess consumption in children.
反思冲动双加工模型表明，当进食的诱惑超过抑制控制过程时，就会发生暴饮暴食。然而，奖励如何与抑制控制相互作用，以及它们与儿童的体重状况和食物摄入的关系尚不清楚。在这里，7 至 11 岁的儿童（n=66；32 名超重/肥胖）完成了两个版本（基线[即无奖励激励/对照]和奖励激励[食物、金钱、无奖励]）的 Go/Nogo 任务。在完成标准化膳食后，测量了在无饥饿情况下（即无饥饿时进食-EAH）对美味食物的摄入。使用漂移扩散模型来描述儿童在 Go/Nogo 上的表现参数。在基线 Go/Nogo 任务中，体重较高的儿童反应更为谨慎，但在食物/金钱奖励试验中，与无奖励条件相比，儿童更为谨慎，且产生更多的错误警报。在 EAH 期间摄入的能量与食物和金钱相对于无奖励的 FA 错误呈正相关，但性别对此效应起调节作用，即 FA 与 EAH 在女孩中呈正相关，但在男孩中则不然。与性别无关，金钱相对于无奖励和食物相对于金钱的 FA 均与 EAH 期间消耗的能量呈正相关。这些结果表明，食物和金钱奖励的存在会损害抑制控制加工，尤其是在体重较高的儿童中。此外，对食物奖励的抑制控制损伤增加，特别是可能是女孩饮食失调的一个风险因素。尽管初步研究结果，但可能有助于制定有针对性的治疗方案，帮助控制儿童的过度消费。
