Chadin Ivan, Dalke Igor, Tishin Denis, Zakhozhiy Ilya, Malyshev Ruslan
Molecular Biology Facility, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation.
Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia.
PeerJ. 2021 Jul 21;9:e11821. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11821. eCollection 2021.
Invasive species are one of the key elements of human-mediated ecosystem degradation and ecosystem services impairment worldwide. Dispersal of propagules is the first stage of plant species spread and strongly influences the dynamics of biological invasion. Therefore, distance prediction for invasive species spread is critical for invasion management. is one of the most dangerous invasive species with wind-dispersed propagules (seeds) across Eastern Europe. This study developed a simple mechanistic model for propagule dispersal and their distances with an accuracy comparable to that of empirical measurements.
We measured and compared the propagule traits (terminal velocity, mass, area, and wing loading) and release height for populations from two geographically distant regions of European Russia. We tested two simple mechanistic models: a ballistic model and a wind gradient model using identical artificial propagules. The artificial propagules were made of colored paper with a mass, area, wing loading, and terminal velocity close to those of natural mericarps.
The wind gradient model produced the best results. The first calculations of maximum possible propagule transfer distance by wind using the model and data from weather stations showed that the role of wind as a vector of long-distance dispersal for invasive species was strongly underestimated. The published dataset with propagule traits and release heights allows for modeling of the propagules' dispersal distances by wind at any geographical point within their entire invasion range using data from the closest weather stations. The proposed simple model for the prediction of propagule dispersal by wind may be included in planning processes for managing invasion of this species.
入侵物种是全球人类介导的生态系统退化和生态系统服务受损的关键因素之一。繁殖体的扩散是植物物种传播的第一阶段，对生物入侵动态有强烈影响。因此，预测入侵物种的扩散距离对于入侵管理至关重要。[物种名称]是东欧最危险的入侵物种之一，其繁殖体（种子）通过风力传播。本研究建立了一个简单的机理模型，用于[物种名称]繁殖体的扩散及其距离，其准确性与实证测量相当。
我们测量并比较了来自俄罗斯欧洲部分两个地理上相距遥远地区的[物种名称]种群的繁殖体特征（终端速度、质量、面积和翼载荷）以及释放高度。我们使用相同的人工繁殖体测试了两个简单的机理模型：弹道模型和风梯度模型。人工繁殖体由彩色纸制成，其质量、面积、翼载荷和终端速度与天然[果实名称]相近。
风梯度模型产生了最佳结果。利用该模型和气象站数据首次计算出繁殖体随风最大可能转移距离，结果表明风作为入侵[物种名称]长距离扩散载体的作用被严重低估。已发表的包含[物种名称]繁殖体特征和释放高度的数据集，使得利用最近气象站的数据对其在整个入侵范围内任何地理点的繁殖体随风扩散距离进行建模成为可能。所提出的用于预测[物种名称]繁殖体随风扩散的简单模型可纳入该物种入侵管理的规划过程中。
