miRNAs 在胰腺癌发展中的新兴作用。

Emerging roles of miRNAs in the development of pancreatic cancer.

机构信息

Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

出版信息

Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Sep;141:111914. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111914. Epub 2021 Jul 10.

DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111914

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a fatal cancer which is expected to exceed breast cancer as the third foremost source of cancer mortality by 2025. This cancer has been associated with several somatic genetic aberrations including mutations in the KRAS, CDKN2A/p16, TP53, and SMAD4. In addition, epigenetic alterations have been shown to affect development of this cancer. miRNAs are among the mostly appreciated epigenetic factors in this regard. Several oncomiRs such as miR-212, miR 506, miR-196b, miR-221-3p, miR-301a-3p, miR-23a and miR-29a have been found to promote proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and block apoptotic pathways in these cells. On the other hand, miR-451a, miR-506, miR-142, miR-216b, miR-519d-3p, miR-1181, miR-340, miR-143-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-455, miR-15a, miR-135a and miR-202 are among tumor suppressor miRNAs that modulate proliferation and cell cycle transition in these cells. In the current paper, we will discuss the role of oncomiRs and tumor suppressor miRNAs in the evolution of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we will summarize the application of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in pancreatic cancer. These studies have shown the ability of miRNAs to be served as non-invasive markers for pancreatic cancer.

摘要

胰腺癌是一种致命的癌症，预计到 2025 年，其癌症死亡率将超过乳腺癌，成为第三大癌症死亡原因。这种癌症与几种体细胞遗传异常有关，包括 KRAS、CDKN2A/p16、TP53 和 SMAD4 的突变。此外，表观遗传改变已被证明会影响这种癌症的发展。miRNA 是这方面最受关注的表观遗传因素之一。几种致癌 miRNA，如 miR-212、miR-506、miR-196b、miR-221-3p、miR-301a-3p、miR-23a 和 miR-29a，已被发现可促进胰腺癌细胞的增殖，并阻断这些细胞中的凋亡途径。另一方面，miR-451a、miR-506、miR-142、miR-216b、miR-519d-3p、miR-1181、miR-340、miR-143-3p、miR-203a-3p、miR-455、miR-15a、miR-135a 和 miR-202 是肿瘤抑制 miRNA，可调节这些细胞的增殖和细胞周期转变。在本文中，我们将讨论致癌 miRNA 和肿瘤抑制 miRNA 在胰腺癌演进中的作用。此外，我们将总结 miRNA 作为胰腺癌诊断和预后标志物的应用。这些研究表明，miRNA 有能力作为胰腺癌的非侵入性标志物。