Przybyszewski Oskar, Mik Michał, Nowicki Michał, Kusiński Michał, Mikołajczyk-Solińska Melania, Śliwińska Agnieszka
Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Stefana Żeromskiego St., 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2024 Aug 1;12(8):1713. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12081713.
Pancreatic cancer is a severe disease, challenging to diagnose and treat, and thereby characterized by a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents approximately 90% of pancreatic cancer cases, while other cases include neuroendocrine carcinoma. Despite the growing knowledge of the pathophysiology of this cancer, the mortality rate caused by it has not been effectively reduced. Recently, microRNAs have aroused great interest among scientists and clinicians, as they are negative regulators of gene expression, which participate in many processes, including those related to the development of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this review is to show how microRNAs (miRNAs) affect key signaling pathways and related cellular processes in pancreatic cancer development, progression, diagnosis and treatment. We included the results of in vitro studies, animal model of pancreatic cancer and those performed on blood, saliva and tumor tissue isolated from patients suffering from PDAC. Our investigation identified numerous dysregulated miRNAs involved in KRAS, JAK/STAT, PI3/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways participating in cell cycle control, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis. Moreover, some miRNAs (miRNA-23a, miRNA-24, miRNA-29c, miRNA-216a) seem to be engaged in a crosstalk between signaling pathways. Evidence concerning the utility of microRNAs in the diagnosis and therapy of this cancer is poor. Therefore, despite growing knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs in several processes associated with pancreatic cancer, we are beginning to recognize and understand their role and usefulness in clinical practice.
胰腺癌是一种严重的疾病，诊断和治疗都颇具挑战，因此预后较差，死亡率很高。胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）约占胰腺癌病例的90%，其他病例包括神经内分泌癌。尽管对这种癌症的病理生理学了解越来越多，但其导致的死亡率并未得到有效降低。最近，微小RNA引起了科学家和临床医生的极大兴趣，因为它们是基因表达的负调节因子，参与许多过程，包括与胰腺癌发展相关的过程。本综述的目的是展示微小RNA（miRNA）如何影响胰腺癌发生、发展、诊断和治疗中的关键信号通路及相关细胞过程。我们纳入了体外研究结果、胰腺癌动物模型以及对从PDAC患者分离的血液、唾液和肿瘤组织进行的研究结果。我们的调查发现，许多失调的miRNA参与了KRAS、JAK/STAT、PI3/AKT、Wnt/β-连环蛋白和TGF-β信号通路，这些信号通路参与细胞周期调控、增殖、分化、凋亡和转移。此外，一些miRNA（miRNA-23a、miRNA-24、miRNA-29c、miRNA-216a）似乎参与了信号通路之间的串扰。关于微小RNA在这种癌症诊断和治疗中的效用的证据不足。因此，尽管对miRNA参与胰腺癌相关的几个过程的了解越来越多，但我们才刚刚开始认识和理解它们在临床实践中的作用和效用。
