H. & J. Brüggen KG, Lübeck, Germany.
Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2021 Nov;38(11):1934-1947. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1950931. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
Although the common oat ( L.) is well known for its nutritional benefits, it carries the risk of contamination with mycotoxins due to its susceptibility to the growth of various fungi. The procurement of milling oats for food could become more difficult in the coming harvest years due to limited availability, specific quality requirements and the avoidance of mycotoxin contamination. In light of ongoing discussions in the European Commission on regulatory limits for certain mycotoxins including their modified forms, the purpose of this study was to improve the database on their occurrence in milling oats. In particular, we provide data on the predominantly occurring trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified derivatives (e.g. 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside) as well as on T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Additionally, the following mycotoxins were analysed: zearalenone, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins B, B, G and G. Oat samples, (n = 281) pre-selected for their physical properties and DON-content to be less than 1750 µg/kg from 11 European provenances, were analysed for 16 different mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS. Samples were collected from the years of harvest 2013 to 2019. High incidence rates above the limit of quantification of either 5 µg/kg for T-2 and HT-2 toxins or 10 µg/kg for deoxynivalenol were found (98.1, 94.7 and 91.4%, respectively). The mean concentration of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was 149 µg/kg. The highest level was found in an Irish sample containing 1290 µg/kg for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The mean deoxynivalenol concentration was 289 µg/kg, while the highest level was 1414 µg/kg in a Swedish sample. Besides nivalenol other mycotoxins were only present in trace concentrations or not detected.
尽管普通燕麦（L.）以其营养价值而闻名，但由于易受各种真菌生长的影响，它有被霉菌毒素污染的风险。由于供应有限、特定质量要求以及避免霉菌毒素污染，未来几年食品用燕麦的采购可能会变得更加困难。鉴于欧盟委员会正在讨论某些霉菌毒素（包括其修饰形式）的监管限量，本研究旨在改善有关其在制粉燕麦中存在情况的数据库。特别是，我们提供了关于主要存在的单端孢霉烯族毒素（如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其乙酰化和修饰衍生物（如 3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷）以及 T-2 和 HT-2 毒素的数据。此外，还分析了以下霉菌毒素：玉米赤霉烯酮、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、二乙酰基交链孢酚、呋塞米烯-X、赭曲霉毒素 A、桔青霉素和黄曲霉毒素 B、B、G 和 G。从 11 个欧洲产地中预先选择了物理特性和 DON 含量低于 1750 µg/kg 的燕麦样品（n=281），通过 LC-MS/MS 分析了 16 种不同的霉菌毒素。样品采集自 2013 年至 2019 年的收获年份。发现 T-2 和 HT-2 毒素的限量为 5 µg/kg，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的限量为 10 µg/kg 的高检出率（分别为 98.1%、94.7%和 91.4%）。T-2 和 HT-2 毒素总和的平均浓度为 149 µg/kg。在一个爱尔兰样本中发现了最高水平，其中 T-2 和 HT-2 毒素的总和为 1290 µg/kg。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的平均浓度为 289 µg/kg，而在一个瑞典样本中发现了最高水平，为 1414 µg/kg。除了雪腐镰刀菌烯醇外，其他霉菌毒素仅以痕量存在或未检出。
