Psychology Department, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA.
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Memory. 2021 Sep;29(8):1058-1075. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1959615. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
Three experiments used a paradigm based on Retrieval-Induced Forgetting research to test for the competition from non-useful sources of information in cross-domain analogical transfer. This was accomplished by presenting people with texts introducing multiple candidate solutions prior to attempting the Radiation problem, and later testing memory for the texts. In Experiment 1, viable and unviable candidate solutions that varied in surface and structural similarity were presented in their own story contexts. In Experiments 2 and 3, the viable and unviable solutions were embedded within the same story context. The results suggest that forgetting unviable solutions that share surface-level overlap with the target problem may be less important than suggested by prior work. Instead, greater evidence of forgetting was obtained when unviable solutions were embedded within the same context as viable solutions. These findings suggest that competition from superficially similar, unviable solutions may not be the main obstacle during analogical problem-solving attempts, but rather the main obstacle for transfer may be the selection of relevant solution concepts.
三个实验采用基于检索遗忘研究的范式，以测试在跨领域类比迁移中来自非有用信息源的竞争。这是通过在尝试辐射问题之前向人们展示介绍多个候选解决方案的文本，并在之后测试对这些文本的记忆来实现的。在实验 1 中，呈现了在表面和结构相似性上存在差异的可行和不可行的候选解决方案，这些方案分别在各自的故事背景中呈现。在实验 2 和实验 3 中，可行和不可行的解决方案嵌入在相同的故事背景中。结果表明，与目标问题具有表面水平重叠的不可行解决方案的遗忘可能不如先前研究所表明的那么重要。相反，当不可行的解决方案与可行的解决方案嵌入在相同的上下文时，会获得更多遗忘的证据。这些发现表明，在类比问题解决尝试中，表面上相似但不可行的解决方案的竞争可能不是主要障碍，而对于转移的主要障碍可能是相关解决方案概念的选择。
