Koleci Xhelil, Lilo Ali, Papa Sotiraq, Margariti Keti, van Roon Annika, Santman-Berends Inge, van Schaik Gerdien, Hodnik Jaka Jakob, Strain Sam, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo Maria, Karalliu Esa
Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
Veterinary & Animal Welfare Sector, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Tirana, Albania.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Jul 14;8:671873. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.671873. eCollection 2021.
Agriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and accounts for 85% of the national milk production, the rest being supplied by small ruminants. Cattle productivity, health and welfare are hindered by infectious diseases, some of which are also transmissible to humans (zoonosis). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the control of selected regulated and non-EU regulated cattle diseases in Albania and to highlight specific challenges for the Albanian cattle industry. The most important infectious cattle diseases in Albania for which national control and eradication strategies are in place are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax, which are all zoonotic. Additionally, lumpy skin disease recently emerged in the Balkan region and is currently subject to controls. Most of the available funds and European Union support are allocated to the control of EU regulated zoonotic diseases. For control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases, no funds are available resulting in the lack of national control programmes (CPs). Based on research, clinical investigations and laboratory results, several non-EU regulated cattle infectious diseases appear endemic in Albanian dairy farms. While no national CPs exist for any of them, regional initiatives are available on a voluntary basis to control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. In the voluntary CPs, there is no monitored requirement to prove disease freedom of purchased animals and to re-evaluate the herd's free status after the introduction of animals into a herd. Data on animal movements that are routinely collected could potentially be used to control the risk of purchase, but quality needs to be further improved to increase its usefulness in disease CPs. This overview aims to collate existing information on the CPs implemented in Albania and to evaluate these to highlight gaps and threats in disease control, as well as opportunities and strengths through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, with the goal of providing a framework for the future implementation of animal disease control measures in Albania.
农业是阿尔巴尼亚的一个重要生产部门，对国内生产总值（GDP）和就业做出了重大贡献。畜牧业对农业GDP的贡献率超过一半。阿尔巴尼亚的牛群数量占牲畜总单位数的50%，占全国牛奶产量的85%，其余由小型反刍动物提供。牛的生产力、健康和福利受到传染病的阻碍，其中一些传染病也可传播给人类（人畜共患病）。本手稿的目的是概述阿尔巴尼亚对选定的法定和非欧盟法定牛病的控制情况，并强调阿尔巴尼亚养牛业面临的具体挑战。阿尔巴尼亚制定了国家控制和根除战略的最重要的牛传染病是牛布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病和炭疽病，这些都是人畜共患病。此外，结节性皮肤病最近在巴尔干地区出现，目前正在进行防控。大部分可用资金和欧盟支持都用于控制欧盟法定的人畜共患病。对于非欧盟法定的牛病控制，没有可用资金，导致缺乏国家控制计划（CPs）。根据研究、临床调查和实验室结果，几种非欧盟法定的牛传染病在阿尔巴尼亚奶牛场似乎呈地方流行。虽然没有针对其中任何一种疾病的国家控制计划，但有区域自愿倡议来控制传染性牛鼻气管炎和牛病毒性腹泻。在自愿控制计划中，没有监测要求来证明购买动物无病，也没有要求在动物引入牛群后重新评估牛群的无病状态。常规收集的动物移动数据有可能用于控制购买风险，但质量需要进一步提高，以增加其在疾病控制计划中的有用性。本概述旨在整理阿尔巴尼亚实施的控制计划的现有信息，并通过SWOT（优势、劣势、机会和威胁）分析对这些信息进行评估，以突出疾病控制中的差距和威胁，以及机会和优势，目标是为阿尔巴尼亚未来实施动物疾病控制措施提供一个框架。
