Gagan Joshuah, Fraze Carolyn, Stout David A
Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Brigham Young University, Idaho, Rexburg, ID, USA.
Cell Stem Cells Regen Med. 2016 Nov;2(2). doi: 10.16966/2472-6990.110. Epub 2016 May 12.
Stem cells have become a revived biotechnology that is beginning to expand the field of regenerative medicine. Although stem cells are capable of regenerating tissues, current research trends tend to side on developing fully functional organs and other clinical uses including stem cell repair through three-dimensional printing methods. Through several tests and techniques, it can be shown that most stem cell printing methods are possible and that most tests come out with high cell viability. Furthermore, the importance of bioprinting is to benefit the field of regenerative medicine, which looks into artificial organ transplants for the thousands of patients without donors. Although the field is not brand new, understanding the integration and use of additive manufacturing with biomaterials is essential in developing fully functional organs. There is a heavy emphasis on the biomaterials themselves since they have a crucial role in creating an organ that is mechanically robust and adaptable . Covered in this review article are many featured tests, which also touch on the importance of including a biomaterial that is capable of maintaining a viable microenvironment. These include biomaterials such as hydrogels, biopolymers, and synthetic extra cellular matrices (ECM) built for stem cells to proliferate, differentiate, and give freedom to cell communication after printing.
干细胞已成为一种复兴的生物技术，正开始拓展再生医学领域。尽管干细胞能够再生组织，但当前的研究趋势倾向于开发功能完备的器官以及其他临床应用，包括通过三维打印方法进行干细胞修复。通过多项测试和技术可以表明，大多数干细胞打印方法是可行的，并且大多数测试的细胞活力都很高。此外，生物打印的重要性在于造福再生医学领域，该领域致力于为数千名没有捐赠者的患者研究人造器官移植。尽管该领域并非全新领域，但了解增材制造与生物材料的整合和应用对于开发功能完备的器官至关重要。生物材料本身受到高度重视，因为它们在制造机械坚固且适应性强的器官方面起着关键作用。这篇综述文章涵盖了许多特色测试，其中还涉及包含能够维持可行微环境的生物材料的重要性。这些生物材料包括水凝胶、生物聚合物和为干细胞构建的合成细胞外基质（ECM），以便干细胞在打印后能够增殖、分化并实现细胞间通讯。
