Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
J Nat Med. 2022 Jan;76(1):254-258. doi: 10.1007/s11418-021-01553-7. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
In this study, we extracted essential oils from four species of plants with lemony scents (Melissa officinalis L., Aloysia citriodora Palau (= Lippia citriodora (Palau) Kunth), Thymus × citriodorus, Perilla citriodora (Makino) Nakai). We then examined the components of extracts using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A comparison of components indicated that the largest proportions of essential oils were caryophyllene (25%) in M. officinalis, geraniol (50%) in T. citriodorus, and citral (61 and 82%) in A. citriodora and P. citriodora. Moreover, we used a sensory evaluation method using dilute aqueous solutions of extract components, citral, linalool, d-limonene, and geraniol, to select the mixture with a flavor that mostly resembled lemon. The participants in the study felt that an aqueous citral solution flavored more like lemon than aqueous d-limonene. Furthermore, an open field study of sedative effects of citral and d-limonene, when inhaled, on mice demonstrated that citral exhibited a sedative effect at a lower concentration than that of d-limonene.
在这项研究中，我们从四种具有柠檬香味的植物（药用薰衣草（ Melissa officinalis L. ）、柠檬香桃木（ Aloysia citriodora Palau(= Lippia citriodora(Palau) Kunth ）、柠檬香蜂草（ Thymus × citriodorus ）和柠檬紫苏（ Perilla citriodora(Makino) Nakai ）中提取了精油。然后，我们使用气相色谱（GC）和 GC-质谱（GC-MS）分析了提取物的成分。对成分的比较表明，精油中含量最大的成分分别为药用薰衣草中的石竹烯（25%）、柠檬香蜂草中的香叶醇（50%）以及柠檬香桃木和柠檬紫苏中的柠檬醛（61%和 82%）。此外，我们使用稀释的提取物成分水溶液（柠檬醛、芳樟醇、d-柠檬烯和香叶醇）的感官评估方法，选择最接近柠檬味的混合物。研究参与者认为，柠檬醛水溶液的味道比 d-柠檬烯水溶液更像柠檬。此外，柠檬醛和 d-柠檬烯吸入时对小鼠镇静作用的开放场研究表明，柠檬醛在较低浓度下表现出镇静作用，而 d-柠檬烯则没有。
