School of Systems Biology, George Mason University (GMU), Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214151, China.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 10;112:110410. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110410. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
Typically, mental disorders are defined and classified based on clinical symptoms and syndromes. Although clinically useful, current diagnostic systems for psychiatry cause concerns due to the lack of biological mechanisms. Deciphering the relationships among psychiatric traits according to their genetic basis may facilitate understanding the biological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. Ten mental disorders were classified by genomic structural equation modeling (SEM), which leverages summary results of genome-wide association studies. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa (AN), anxiety disorder (ANX), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SZ), and Tourette syndrome (TS) were included. The analysis indicates that they are genetically inter-correlated with one another and can be separated based on their general psychopathology. Most disorders have a close partner, forming pairs of traits; only TS is a relatively distinctive condition. At a higher level, MDD, ANX, ADHD, ASD, and PTSD cluster together, while OCD, AN, and TS cluster together. Together, the ten traits constitute a hierarchical classificatory system. This study allows inference of genetically determined classification of the ten mental disorders, which may biologically inform the current diagnostic framework and treatment regimens for mental disorders.
通常，精神障碍是根据临床症状和综合征来定义和分类的。尽管在临床上有用，但由于缺乏生物学机制，目前的精神病学诊断系统引起了人们的关注。根据遗传基础来破译精神特征之间的关系，可能有助于理解精神障碍的生物学机制。通过基因组结构方程模型（SEM）对 10 种精神障碍进行了分类，该模型利用了全基因组关联研究的汇总结果。注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、神经性厌食症（AN）、焦虑症（ANX）、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、双相情感障碍（BD）、重度抑郁症（MDD）、强迫症（OCD）、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、精神分裂症（SZ）和妥瑞氏症（TS）都包括在内。分析表明，它们在遗传上相互关联，可以根据其一般精神病理学来区分。大多数疾病都有一个密切的伙伴，形成一对特征；只有 TS 是一种相对独特的情况。在更高的层次上，MDD、ANX、ADHD、ASD 和 PTSD 聚集在一起，而 OCD、AN 和 TS 聚集在一起。这十种特征构成了一个层次分类系统。本研究可以推断出这十种精神障碍的遗传决定分类，这可能为当前的精神障碍诊断框架和治疗方案提供生物学信息。
