Department of Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Dec 1;798:149279. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149279. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
Small waterbodies are characterised by a high variability of physicochemical parameters. This has an impact on aquatic macrophytes, which are functional components of aquatic ecosystems that also exert a strong influence on other components of these ecosystems. Therefore, their importance in the classification of reservoirs is unquestionable. Unfortunately, the hydromacrophytes found in nutrient-rich small waterbodies in rural areas have a fairly wide ecological scale and are not suitable for a more accurate assessment of these reservoirs. In addition, indicators derived from the classification of lakes, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, organic matter and trophic state indices, have turned out to be of little use in the assessment of small waterbodies. Only a canonical analysis taking into account both environmental variables and the occurring plant species allows satisfactory results to be obtained. Six small waterbodies located in the rural landscape of the Greater Poland Region were studied over three years. 115 plant taxa, 15 of which are hydromacrophytes, were found in the reservoirs and in their immediate vicinity. Three types of small waterbodies were identified in the CCA assessment: (i) those with high TOC, COD and ammonium nitrogen contents, dominated by pleustophytes, and in a saprotrophic state, (ii) those with high nutrient concentrations, dominated by phytoplankton, with a lack of macrophytes or with nymphaeids present, and in a hypereutrophic state, and (iii) those dominated by submerged macrophytes with low chlorophyll-a content, and in a eutrophic state. Thus, macrophytes turn out to be good indicators which support other variables in the classification of small waterbodies.
小型水体的理化参数具有高度可变性。这对水生植物有影响，水生植物是水生生态系统的功能组成部分，对这些生态系统的其他组成部分也有很强的影响。因此，它们在水库分类中的重要性是毋庸置疑的。不幸的是，在农村富营养化小型水体中发现的水生植物具有相当广泛的生态尺度，不适合更准确地评估这些水库。此外，从湖泊分类中得出的指标，如磷、氮、叶绿素-a、有机物和营养状态指数，在评估小型水体时已被证明用处不大。只有考虑环境变量和出现的植物物种的典范分析才能得出令人满意的结果。三年来，对大波兰地区农村景观中的六个小型水体进行了研究。在水库及其附近发现了 115 种植物类群，其中 15 种是水生植物。在 CCA 评估中确定了三种类型的小型水体：（i）TOC、COD 和氨氮含量高的水体，以沉水植物为主，处于腐生状态；（ii）营养浓度高的水体，以浮游植物为主，缺乏大型植物或存在睡莲科植物，处于富营养状态；（iii）以低叶绿素-a 含量为主的沉水植物为主的水体，处于富营养状态。因此，大型植物被证明是一种很好的指标，可以支持其他变量在小型水体的分类。
