Guttman R, Nathan M, Esrachi A
Department of Psychology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1987;36(2):165-70. doi: 10.1017/s0001566000004396.
This research compares similarities and differences between kibbutz twins and singletons on individual perceptions of extent of restriction imposed by their fathers and mothers, teachers, caretakers and peers with regard to the children's choices, plans, and actual activities. During the past two years, the parents of all kibbutz twins in Israel of age 1 to 18 have been contacted. They provided background information about themselves and their twin children. In each kibbutz, two control singletons were selected of the same sex and age for each twin pair, yielding a "quartet". With the aid of a mapping sentence, questionnaires were constructed to help ascertain the child's role in life areas such as family, friendship, school, hobbies, work, amusement. Questionnaires with the same facet design are being administered to children (twin and singleton), mothers, fathers, teachers, and caretakers. In addition, each child is given a battery of tests--including the verbal WISC, Block Design, Raven Matrices, and Reading Comprehension. The children will be interviewed and tested in three successive years, beginning either in grade 4 or 5. Data will thus be obtained on changes in perception of permissiveness-restrictiveness and their relation to performance at ages 9 to 13. To date 9-year-olds in 14 kibbutzim have been interviewed. Analyses of responses to four questions are presented in this paper. The preliminary analyses indicate that twins and singletons have similar means and distributions with regard to the extent to which the children feel they are told what to do by either parent.
本研究比较了基布兹双胞胎与独生子女在个人认知方面的异同，这些认知涉及父亲、母亲、教师、看护者和同龄人对孩子的选择、计划及实际活动所施加限制的程度。在过去两年里，研究人员联系了以色列所有年龄在1至18岁的基布兹双胞胎的父母。他们提供了关于自己及双胞胎孩子的背景信息。在每个基布兹，为每对双胞胎挑选了两名同性且同龄的对照独生子女，组成一个“四人组”。借助映射句构建了问卷，以帮助确定孩子在家庭、友谊、学校、爱好、工作、娱乐等生活领域中的角色。相同维度设计的问卷正在发放给孩子（双胞胎和独生子女）、母亲、父亲、教师和看护者。此外，每个孩子都要接受一系列测试，包括言语韦氏儿童智力量表、积木图案、瑞文推理测验和阅读理解测试。孩子们将在连续三年中接受访谈和测试，从四年级或五年级开始。这样就能获得关于宽容-限制观念的变化及其与9至13岁表现之间关系的数据。迄今为止，已对14个基布兹的9岁儿童进行了访谈。本文呈现了对四个问题的回答分析。初步分析表明，在孩子感觉父母告诉他们该做什么的程度方面，双胞胎和独生子女的均值及分布相似。
