Neu H C
Ann Intern Med. 1979 Mar;90(3):356-60. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-356.
Amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin available in the United States only for oral use. It has an antibacterial activity and spectrum similar to that of ampicillin and is destroyed by gram-positive and gram-negative beta-lactamases. It is more active against enterococci and salmonellae than ampicillin, but less active against Shigella. It is better absorbed than ampicillin from the gastrointestinal tract with blood levels two to two and one half times those of ampicillin. Amoxicillin is an excellent agent to treat otitis media, bacterial sinusitis, bacterial exacerbations of bronchitis, acute lower-urinary-tract infections, gonorrhea, and typhoid. In special settings it may be useful as oral therapy of endocarditis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis and as prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis. When the cost of amoxicillin approaches that of ampicillin, it should replace that agent as the oral aminopenicillin of first choice.
阿莫西林是一种氨基青霉素，在美国仅可口服。它具有与氨苄西林相似的抗菌活性和抗菌谱，可被革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性β-内酰胺酶破坏。它对肠球菌和沙门氏菌的活性比氨苄西林更强，但对志贺氏菌的活性较弱。它从胃肠道的吸收比氨苄西林更好，血药浓度是氨苄西林的两到两倍半。阿莫西林是治疗中耳炎、细菌性鼻窦炎、支气管炎细菌感染加重、急性下尿路感染、淋病和伤寒的优秀药物。在特殊情况下，它可用作心内膜炎、化脓性关节炎和骨髓炎的口服治疗药物，以及预防心内膜炎的药物。当阿莫西林的成本接近氨苄西林时，它应取代氨苄西林成为首选口服氨基青霉素。
