Brogeden R N, Speight T M, Avery G S
Drugs. 1975;9(2):88-140. doi: 10.2165/00003495-197509020-00002.
Amoxycillin2 is an acid stable semisynthetic penicillin closely related to ampicillin. Unlike pivampicillin and hetacillin, amoxycillin is not converted to ampicillin in the body. The antibacterial spectrum and level of activity of amoxycillin is essentially the same as for ampicillin, and there is complete cross-resistance between the two drugs. After oral administration, amoxycillin is better absorbed than ampicillin. Mean peak serum levels of amoxycillin are generally twice those of ampicillin after an equal dose. The better absorption and penetration into certain body tissues and fluids of amoxycillin and its greater activity against experimental infections in mice, suggest that it might be preferred to ampicillin in the treatment of some infections, but any clear superiority over ampicillin in clinical practice has yet to be demonstrated. However, these properties have enabled amoxycillin to be given at half the dose of ampicillin without loss of therapeutic efficacy, and the princpal side-effects of skin rashes and diarrhoea have tended to be less frequent with amoxycillin than with ampicillin. Other side-effects are essentially similar in nature to those reported with ampicillin.
阿莫西林2是一种酸稳定的半合成青霉素，与氨苄西林密切相关。与匹氨西林和海他西林不同，阿莫西林在体内不会转化为氨苄西林。阿莫西林的抗菌谱和活性水平与氨苄西林基本相同，两种药物之间存在完全交叉耐药性。口服后，阿莫西林比氨苄西林吸收更好。同等剂量后，阿莫西林的平均血清峰值水平通常是氨苄西林的两倍。阿莫西林更好的吸收和对某些身体组织及体液的渗透，以及其对小鼠实验性感染更强的活性，表明在治疗某些感染时它可能比氨苄西林更具优势，但在临床实践中相对于氨苄西林的任何明显优越性尚未得到证实。然而，这些特性使得阿莫西林可以以氨苄西林一半的剂量给药而不损失治疗效果，并且阿莫西林引起的皮疹和腹泻等主要副作用往往比氨苄西林更少。其他副作用在本质上与氨苄西林报道的副作用基本相似。
