Lindberg S, Dolata J, Mercke U
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Acta Otolaryngol. 1987 Nov-Dec;104(5-6):552-60. doi: 10.3109/00016488709128288.
The effect on mucociliary (m.c.) activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus of cigarette smoke and ammonia (NH3) vapour delivered through a tracheal cannula or as nasal challenges was investigated by a photo-electric technique, and compared with simultaneously induced changes in the respiratory rate. Neither irritant had any effect on m.c. activity in the sinus after tracheo-bronchial exposure. However, the respiration rate was increased by NH3 vapour (2.5 ml, diluted 1:1 with room air) and neat cigarette smoke (10 ml) by 76.9% and 24.3% respectively (median values). In contrast, nasal challenges with both irritants increased m.c. activity by 24.1% (NH3) and 19.1% (cigarette smoke), and reduced the respiration rate by 31.0% (NH3) and 28.4% (cigarette smoke) (median values). NH3 vapour sometimes produced an apnea proper. Identical results were obtained in laryngectomized rabbits, indicating that laryngeal afferents were not involved in the responses. Moreover, topical application of the C-fibre stimulant capsaicin mimicked the effects produced by the airway irritants. It is concluded that nasal exposure to irritants triggers at least two different protective reflexes. One is the increase of m.c. activity in the upper airways involving sensory C-fibres and the other the apneic reflex of Kratschmer.
通过光电技术研究了经气管插管或鼻腔激发给予香烟烟雾和氨（NH₃）蒸气对兔上颌窦黏液纤毛（m.c.）活性的影响，并与同时诱导的呼吸频率变化进行了比较。气管支气管暴露后，两种刺激物对窦内的m.c.活性均无影响。然而，NH₃蒸气（2.5毫升，与室内空气按1:1稀释）和纯香烟烟雾（10毫升）分别使呼吸频率增加了76.9%和24.3%（中位数）。相比之下，用两种刺激物进行鼻腔激发分别使m.c.活性增加了24.1%（NH₃）和19.1%（香烟烟雾），并使呼吸频率降低了31.0%（NH₃）和28.4%（香烟烟雾）（中位数）。NH₃蒸气有时会导致真正的呼吸暂停。在喉切除的兔子中也得到了相同的结果，表明喉传入神经不参与这些反应。此外，局部应用C纤维刺激剂辣椒素可模拟气道刺激物产生的效应。得出的结论是，鼻腔暴露于刺激物会引发至少两种不同的保护性反射。一种是上呼吸道m.c.活性增加，涉及感觉C纤维，另一种是克拉奇默的呼吸暂停反射。
