Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20009.
The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, 700 HMC Crescent road, Hershey, PA 17033.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2021 Aug 30;56(5):599-604. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agab054.
Currently, the only effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities is weight loss surgery (WLS). Growing evidence suggests that different types of WLS, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), have differential effects on alcohol consumption in humans and rats. Thus, we aimed to directly compare the effects of these two surgical procedures, for the first time in female rats, and to determine whether presence or absence of the ghrelin-producing stomach tissue has critical influence on postoperative alcohol intake.
We performed two experiments using an identical behavioral protocol, a continuous-access two-bottle choice protocol for various concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). In Experiment 1, 23 high fat diet (HFD) obese, female rats were randomized to three groups: RYGB, SG or sham-operated food-restricted (Sham) controls. In Experiment 2, HFD obese female rats received either sham (n = 11) or a modified RYGB surgery where the remnant stomach was removed (RYGB-X; n = 12).
SG rats drank significantly less than RYGB for 4, 6 and 8% and significantly less than Sham for 6, 8 and 8% reinstatement. RYGB-X consumed significantly less EtOH than Sham across all concentrations, reaching significance for 6 and 8% reinstatement.
These findings confirm reduced EtOH consumption by female SG rats as opposed to increased intake following RYGB, and provide the first experimental evidence that the remnant stomach in the RYGB procedure is contributory. Future studies in rats and humans are warranted to confirm that ghrelin plays a critical role in susceptibility to AUD development following WLS.
目前，治疗病态肥胖及其合并症的唯一有效方法是减肥手术（WLS）。越来越多的证据表明，不同类型的 WLS，如 Roux-en-Y 胃旁路术（RYGB）和袖状胃切除术（SG），对人类和大鼠的饮酒量有不同的影响。因此，我们旨在首次在雌性大鼠中直接比较这两种手术的效果，并确定是否存在产生胃饥饿素的胃组织对术后饮酒量有重要影响。
我们使用相同的行为方案进行了两项实验，即连续访问双瓶选择方案，用于不同浓度的乙醇（EtOH）。在实验 1 中，23 只高脂肪饮食（HFD）肥胖雌性大鼠随机分为三组：RYGB、SG 或假手术限食（Sham）对照。在实验 2 中，HFD 肥胖雌性大鼠接受了假手术（n = 11）或改良的 RYGB 手术，其中残留的胃被切除（RYGB-X；n = 12）。
SG 大鼠的饮酒量明显低于 RYGB 大鼠的 4%、6%和 8%，也明显低于 Sham 大鼠的 6%、8%和 8%。RYGB-X 大鼠在所有浓度下的乙醇摄入量均明显低于 Sham 大鼠，在 6%和 8%的恢复时达到显著水平。
这些发现证实了 SG 大鼠的乙醇摄入量减少，而 RYGB 术后的摄入量增加，这是首次提供实验证据表明 RYGB 手术中的残留胃是有贡献的。需要在大鼠和人类中进行进一步的研究，以确认胃饥饿素在 WLS 后对 AUD 发展的易感性中起关键作用。
