Sousa Camila Carvalho de, Araújo Tânia Maria de, Lua Iracema, Gomes Mariana Rabelo, Freitas Kátia Santana
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brasil.
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Jul 28;37(7):e00246320. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00246320. eCollection 2021.
The objective was to evaluate the relationship between job dissatisfaction and the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD), considering the psychosocial aspects of work and personal satisfaction. Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 3,084 health workers from five municipalities in Bahia. Structural equation modeling analysis, stratified by gender, was used. Dissatisfaction with work was the main exposure variable. The CMD, the outcome variable, was assessed by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Personal satisfaction (SAP), assessed by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questions, and stressful (AE) and protective (AP) psychosocial aspects, measured by the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale (ERI), were treated as latent variables. Dissatisfaction with work was associated with higher CMD prevalence, among men (0.160; CI95%: 0.024; 0.295) and women (0.198; CI95%: 0.135; 0.260). AEs were associated with greater dissatisfaction and higher CMD prevalence, while APs were associated with lower dissatisfaction and lower CMD prevalence, among men and women. Dissatisfaction with work mediated the effect of psychosocial aspects and personal satisfaction on the occurrence of CMD. The final model showed good adjustment. High job dissatisfaction, stressful psychosocial aspects, lack of protective aspects, and personal dissatisfaction were associated directly or indirectly with CMD. The results reinforce the need for actions to protect mental health at work by redesigning the harmful aspects identified and strengthening the aspects associated with the lower occurrence of CMD.
目的是评估工作不满与常见精神障碍（CMD）发生之间的关系，同时考虑工作的社会心理因素和个人满意度。采用横断面研究，样本来自巴伊亚州五个市的3084名卫生工作者。使用按性别分层的结构方程模型分析。工作不满是主要的暴露变量。CMD作为结果变量，通过自填问卷（SRQ-20）进行评估。个人满意度（SAP）通过世界卫生组织生活质量（WHOQOL）问题进行评估，应激性（AE）和保护性（AP）社会心理因素通过工作内容问卷（JCQ）和付出-回报失衡量表（ERI）进行测量，将其视为潜在变量。工作不满与男性（0.160；95%置信区间：0.024；0.295）和女性（0.198；95%置信区间：0.135；0.260）中较高的CMD患病率相关。在男性和女性中，AE与更大的不满和更高的CMD患病率相关，而AP与更低的不满和更低的CMD患病率相关。工作不满介导了社会心理因素和个人满意度对CMD发生的影响。最终模型显示拟合良好。高工作不满、应激性社会心理因素、缺乏保护性因素和个人不满与CMD直接或间接相关。结果强化了通过重新设计已识别的有害因素并加强与较低CMD发生率相关的因素来采取行动保护工作场所心理健康的必要性。
