墨西哥西北部地区谷物中霉菌毒素的发生情况初步调查及估计暴露量
Preliminary survey of the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and estimated exposure in a northwestern region of Mexico.
作者信息
Molina-Pintor I B, Ruíz-Arias M A, Guerrero-Flores M C, Rojas-García A E, Barrón-Vivanco B S, Medina-Díaz I M, Bernal-Hernández Y Y, Ortega-Cervantes L, Rodríguez-Cervantes C H, Ramos A J, Sanchis V, Marín S, González-Arias C A
机构信息
Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, México.
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico.
出版信息
Int J Environ Health Res. 2022 Oct;32(10):2271-2285. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1953447. Epub 2021 Aug 4.
Mycotoxins have several toxicological implications. In the present study, we evaluate the presence of aflatoxin B (AFB), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin (FB) in paddy rice, polished rice, and maize from the fields and markets in Nayarit State (Mexico). The results indicated the presence of AFB in 21.21% of paddy rice samples and 11.11% of market maize samples. OTA was present in only 3.03% (one sample) of paddy rice samples. FB was detected in 87.50% and 88.88% of maize samples from field and market, respectively. The estimated human exposure was calculated for FB using the probable daily intake (PDI), which suggested that FB could contribute to the development of diseases through the consumption of contaminated maize. Positive samples indicated that some rice and maize samples were not suitable for human consumption. Further efforts are needed to continue monitoring mycotoxins and update national legislation on mycotoxins accordingly.
霉菌毒素具有多种毒理学影响。在本研究中，我们评估了纳亚里特州（墨西哥）田间和市场上的水稻、精米和玉米中黄曲霉毒素B（AFB）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和伏马菌素（FB）的存在情况。结果表明，21.21%的水稻样本和11.11%的市场玉米样本中存在AFB。OTA仅在3.03%（一个样本）的水稻样本中存在。分别在87.50%的田间玉米样本和88.88%的市场玉米样本中检测到FB。使用可能每日摄入量（PDI）计算了人类对FB的估计暴露量，这表明通过食用受污染的玉米，FB可能导致疾病的发生。阳性样本表明一些大米和玉米样本不适合人类食用。需要进一步努力继续监测霉菌毒素，并相应地更新关于霉菌毒素的国家立法。
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