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好奇心和奖励对年轻人和老年人长期记忆的相互作用。

The interaction of curiosity and reward on long-term memory in younger and older adults.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Ryerson University.

出版信息

Psychol Aging. 2021 Aug;36(5):584-603. doi: 10.1037/pag0000623.

Abstract

Long-term memory is sensitive to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but little is known about the relative influence of these two sources of motivation on memory performance across the adult life span. The study examined the effects of extrinsic motivation, manipulated via monetary reward, and curiosity, a form of intrinsic motivation, on long-term memory in healthy younger and older adults. During the incidental encoding phase on Day 1, 60 younger and 53 older participants viewed high- and low-curiosity trivia items as well as unrelated face stimuli. Half of the participants in each age group received financial rewards for correctly guessing trivia answers. On Day 2, participants completed a trivia recall test and an old-new recognition test for the face stimuli. Both curiosity and reward were associated with enhanced trivia recall, but the effects were interactive, such that only low-curiosity items benefitted from monetary reward. Neither curiosity nor reward affected face recognition performance in either age group. These findings indicate that the individual and joint effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on long-term memory are relatively preserved in healthy aging, a finding that highlights the viability of motivational strategies for memory enhancement into old age. Identifying conditions under which memory for unrelated information benefits from motivational spillover effects in younger and older adults is a priority for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

摘要

长期记忆对外显动机和内隐动机都很敏感,但对于这两种动机来源对成年期记忆表现的相对影响,人们知之甚少。本研究考察了外在动机(通过金钱奖励来操纵)和好奇心(一种内隐动机)对健康的年轻和年长成年人长期记忆的影响。在第 1 天的偶然编码阶段,60 名年轻参与者和 53 名年长参与者观看了高好奇心和低好奇心的琐事项目以及不相关的面部刺激。每个年龄组的一半参与者猜对琐事答案可获得经济奖励。在第 2 天,参与者完成了琐事回忆测试和面部刺激的旧新识别测试。好奇心和奖励都与琐事回忆的提高有关,但效果是相互作用的,只有低好奇心的项目才从金钱奖励中受益。无论是好奇心还是奖励都没有影响两个年龄组对面部识别表现的影响。这些发现表明,内在和外在动机对长期记忆的单独和联合作用在健康衰老中相对得到保留,这一发现强调了在老年时期使用动机策略来增强记忆的可行性。确定在什么条件下,无关信息的记忆会从年轻和年长成年人的动机溢出效应中受益,这是未来研究的优先事项。(PsycInfo 数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。

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