Coello M P, Pérez-Gil S E, Batrouni Kerkebe L
Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1986 Dec;36(4):587-98.
Food habits in regard to the nutritional status of preschool children and their socioeconomic situation were analyzed in this research. The study was carried out in Cuetzalan, State of Puebla; all families were studied and, besides the presence of a preschool child in the home, both father and mother should also be living in the same house. Forty children considered as well nourished and 40 malnourished in the opposite case, were selected, taking the limits of the Gómez classification. In order to define socioeconomic differences between the two groups, the sample population was divided into different levels, with the following results. The socioeconomic level of the well-nourished children did correlate with a good living standard of their families; in the other case, families with a low socioeconomic status, presented more nutritional problems. A questionnaire was applied to every mother selected. This included two items: a) In the first case, we tried to assess the mother's attitude towards food habits and children's illnesses. b) In the second case, the mother's knowledge concerning pregnancy, breast feeding, feeding of the child during the first year of life, taboos, beliefs and other aspects which could be related to nutrition. On the whole, the main objective of this study was attained, because significant differences were found between these two groups. Firstly, a good relationship between food habits and good nutritional status of the children was found. Secondly, mother with well-nourished children had better food habits and better socioeconomic status than mothers having children with poor health status, and therefore, of a lower socioeconomic status.
本研究分析了与学龄前儿童营养状况及其社会经济状况相关的饮食习惯。该研究在普埃布拉州的奎察兰进行；对所有家庭进行了研究，除了家中有一名学龄前儿童外，父母双方也应居住在同一所房子里。根据戈麦斯分类标准，选取了40名营养良好的儿童和40名营养不良的儿童。为了确定两组之间的社会经济差异，将样本人群分为不同层次，结果如下。营养良好儿童的社会经济水平与家庭的良好生活水平相关；另一方面，社会经济地位低的家庭存在更多的营养问题。对每位入选的母亲进行了问卷调查。问卷包括两个项目：a）在第一种情况下，我们试图评估母亲对饮食习惯和儿童疾病的态度。b）在第二种情况下，母亲对怀孕、母乳喂养、孩子一岁以内的喂养、禁忌、信仰以及其他可能与营养相关方面的知识。总体而言，本研究的主要目标得以实现，因为在这两组之间发现了显著差异。首先，发现饮食习惯与儿童良好的营养状况之间存在良好的关系。其次，孩子营养良好的母亲比孩子健康状况差、社会经济地位较低的母亲有更好的饮食习惯和更高的社会经济地位。
