Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208057, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208057, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2021 Sep;42(3):385-390. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.04.001.
Disparities in health care have risen to the forefront of medicine in the past several years. One of the most notable disparities in the research and delivery of health care relates to sex and gender. Sex and gender affect the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of disease and social determinants of health and access to medical care. This article discusses some of the history of considering sex as a biologic variable in medical research and clinical care. It also clarifies the definitions and terminology necessary for understanding the biologic and social underpinnings of sex and gender.
在过去的几年中，医疗保健方面的差异已成为医学领域的首要问题。在医疗保健的研究和提供方面，最显著的差异之一与性别有关。性别会影响疾病的流行病学、病理生理学和结果，以及健康的社会决定因素和医疗保健的可及性。本文讨论了在医学研究和临床护理中考虑性作为生物学变量的一些历史。它还澄清了理解性别生物学和社会学基础所需的定义和术语。
