Psychiatry Unit, Consulta Dr. Carlos Chiclana.
UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Madrid, Spain.
AIDS Rev. 2023;25(2):96-100. doi: 10.24875/AIDSRev.23000012.
There is a widespread practice of using 'sex' and 'gender' interchangeably. The World Health Organization considers that they are not. It defines sex as a set of chromosome-dependent biological variables that show unique hormone profiles and anatomy. Conversely, gender refers to socially constructed sex attributions with differential roles, behavioral expressions, identity, etc. Researchers and institutions have proposed guidelines to ensure that good science is not compromised by ideologies, media or social pressures, morality, religion or economic interests. Sex differences are immune to any ideology or socio-cultural interest, because they are governed by biologically determined genetic parameters. Considering men and women to be alike is very valuable from a moral or social perspective, but ignoring differences could be wrong and unacceptable from a biomedical perspective. The organization of health and/or research systems that does not consider the different morbidity, evolution or treatment response depending on sex would generate biases and mistakes. To work on medical innovation with a gender perspective should need to take sex differences into account and integrate them properly, recognizing diversity. The controversy is not just about sex or gender, but about sex and gender and how they may influence each other. Maintaining a scientific and academic approach will help both to advance science and enrich laws and/or ideologies.
在医学领域，存在将“性别”和“性”混用的普遍现象。世界卫生组织认为，这两者之间存在差异。性是一组由染色体决定的生物变量，它表现出独特的激素特征和解剖结构。而性别则指的是社会构建的性别归属，具有不同的角色、行为表现、身份等。研究人员和机构已经提出了一些指导方针，以确保科学研究不会受到意识形态、媒体或社会压力、道德、宗教或经济利益的影响。性别差异不受任何意识形态或社会文化利益的影响，因为它们是由生物学决定的遗传参数决定的。从道德或社会角度来看，将男性和女性视为相同是非常有价值的，但从生物医学角度来看，忽视差异可能是错误的，也是不可接受的。不考虑性别差异而组织卫生和/或研究系统，会产生偏见和错误。要想在医学创新方面开展工作，就需要考虑到性别差异，并对其进行适当的整合，承认多样性。这场争议不仅仅关乎性或性别，而是关于性和性别，以及它们如何相互影响。保持科学和学术的方法有助于推动科学进步，丰富法律和/或意识形态。
