Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2021 Sep;42(3):407-415. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.04.003.
Gender is the centerpiece to an individual's understanding of self and encompasses many behavioral, social, and cultural arenas; its broad scope means that it also intersects many social determinants of health. Multiple examples of social determinants highlighted in this article, including income, education, occupation, domestic exposures, and cultural norms such as sexual identity, are critical factors that contribute to ongoing respiratory disparities between genders. Each of these social factors can have disparate impact on patients of differing genders. Understanding and addressing social determinants of health between genders is an essential first step toward achieving respiratory health equity.
性别是个体自我认知的核心，涵盖了许多行为、社会和文化领域；其广泛的范围意味着它也与许多健康的社会决定因素相交织。本文强调的多个社会决定因素，包括收入、教育、职业、家庭暴露以及性身份等文化规范，都是导致性别间持续存在呼吸差异的关键因素。这些社会因素中的每一个都可能对不同性别的患者产生不同的影响。了解和解决性别之间的健康社会决定因素是实现呼吸健康公平的重要第一步。
