Department of Pediatrics, Rady Childrens Hospital & University of California San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5041, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Division of Neonatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, NT Suite 4221, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2021 Aug;48(3):485-511. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2021.05.004.
Maternal pathogens can be transmitted to the fetus resulting in congenital infection with sequelae ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe debilitating disease and still birth. The TORCH pneumonic (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus) is used widely, but it provides a limited description of the expanding list of pathogens associated with congenital infection. This article focuses on the evaluation and management of infants with common congenital infections such as cytomegalovirus, and infections that warrant early diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications, such as toxoplasmosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis. Zika virus and Chagas disease remain uncommon.
母体病原体可传播至胎儿，导致先天性感染，其后果从无症状感染到严重的致残性疾病和死胎不一而足。TORCH 综合征（弓形虫病、风疹、巨细胞病毒和单纯疱疹病毒）被广泛应用，但它对与先天性感染相关的不断扩展的病原体列表的描述很有限。本文重点介绍常见先天性感染（如巨细胞病毒感染）婴儿的评估和管理，以及那些需要早期诊断和治疗以预防严重并发症（如弓形虫病、人类免疫缺陷病毒和梅毒）的感染。寨卡病毒和恰加斯病仍然较为少见。
