Thakur Tanvee, Chewning Betty
Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Social and Administrative Sciences in Pharmacy Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022 Jun;18(6):3013-3018. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.023. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
The opioid crisis is a global public health issue, especially present in the United States. Limited research addresses pharmacists' opioid medication counseling practices particularly their risk and safety counseling practices.
The objective of this paper is to categorize pharmacists based on their opioid risk and safety counseling practices to inform future interventions and research to improve practice. The percent of pharmacists falling into each of these underlying, unobservable subgroups is identified using latent class analysis.
This study was conducted as a statewide survey of pharmacists using the modified Dilman technique. The survey consisted of ten items about pharmacists' opioid risk and safety practices when dispensing an opioid medication. Descriptive statistics were conducted followed by latent class analysis. This approach categorized pharmacists based on their responses to the survey items.
Responses from 216 pharmacists were used in this study. In the three-class model which was deemed the best fit, the first class shows a profile of pharmacists who counsel on almost all opioid risk and safety topics and composed 16.75% of the total respondent population. The second class shows a profile of pharmacists who hardly counsel on any opioid risks and safety topics and comprised 39.80% of the respondent population. The third class shows a profile of pharmacists counseling on opioid risk and safety topics mostly for new or long-term prescriptions, but not for refill or short-term prescriptions. This group constituted 43.45% of the respondent population.
This study identifies distinct classes of pharmacists in terms of the frequency with which their opioid counseling does or does not include key elements of risk and safety topics. A small minority usually include the risk and safety issues. Training and resource interventions targeting pharmacists who do not counsel patients about opioid risks are important to help them become more comfortable and adept as opioid risk and safety educators.
阿片类药物危机是一个全球公共卫生问题，在美国尤为突出。针对药剂师阿片类药物用药咨询实践，尤其是其风险和安全咨询实践的研究有限。
本文的目的是根据药剂师的阿片类药物风险和安全咨询实践对其进行分类，为未来改善实践的干预措施和研究提供信息。使用潜在类别分析确定落入这些潜在的、不可观察的亚组中每一组的药剂师百分比。
本研究采用改良的迪尔曼技术对全州药剂师进行调查。该调查包括十个关于药剂师在分发阿片类药物时的阿片类药物风险和安全实践的项目。进行描述性统计，随后进行潜在类别分析。这种方法根据药剂师对调查项目的回答对其进行分类。
本研究使用了216名药剂师的回复。在被认为最合适的三类模型中，第一类显示的药剂师概况是几乎就所有阿片类药物风险和安全主题提供咨询，占总受访者群体的16.75%。第二类显示的药剂师概况是几乎不就任何阿片类药物风险和安全主题提供咨询，占受访者群体的39.80%。第三类显示的药剂师概况是主要就新处方或长期处方而非续方或短期处方的阿片类药物风险和安全主题提供咨询。该组占受访者群体的43.45%。
本研究根据药剂师的阿片类药物咨询是否包括风险和安全主题的关键要素的频率，确定了不同类别的药剂师。一小部分人通常会提及风险和安全问题。针对不向患者提供阿片类药物风险咨询的药剂师的培训和资源干预措施，对于帮助他们更自如、熟练地成为阿片类药物风险和安全教育者很重要。
