Gülüt Kemal Yalçın, Hoşgökdelen Bilgen
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Aug;28(8):4807-4817. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.010. Epub 2021 May 8.
Sulfur (S) deficiency in soils and plants has been increased in the recent decade which is reducing crop yield and quality. Unfortunately, no extensive study has been conducted on S nutritional status of plants in Turkey. In this study, soil and plant samples were collected from Çukurova, Central Anatolia and GAP regions where wheat is extensively cultivated. Plant samples either as flag leaf or the whole shoot were collected depending on growth stage of wheat crop at sample collection. Similarly, surface (0-20 cm) and sub-surface (20-40 cm) soil samples were collected from plant sampling sites and a total 963 plant and 1947 soil samples were collected during the study. The S concentration in flag leaf samples varied between 0.18 and 0.67%, 0.11-0.59% and 0.17-0.82% for central Anatolia, Çukurova and GAP regions, respectively. According to S concentration in flag leaf samples, 99% of the plants in Çukurova region were found sufficient in S nutrition. However, 49% of the samples collected from central Anatolia and GAP regions were deficient in S. Critical N:S ratio indicating S nutrition status of plants was lower than the widely accepted critical value of 17. This low N:S ratio was a consequence of deficient N nutrition rather than S nutrition. Moreover, it was observed that plant available SO-S concentration of soils varied within and among sampled provinces with an average value of 20.6 and 31.6 mg kg for surface and sub-surface samples, respectively. The SO-S concentration increased with increasing soil depth. The results indicate a significantly positive correlation between S concentration in plant shoot and plant available SO-S concentration in soils. In conclusion, S-containing fertilizer use in central Anatolia and GAP regions must be considered as an important approach for the prevention of yield and quality losses. Furthermore, rapid and sensitive plant and soil analysis methods are needed, which must also consider the local and site-specific conditions.
近十年来，土壤和植物中的硫（S）缺乏情况有所增加，这正在降低作物产量和品质。遗憾的是，土耳其尚未对植物的硫营养状况进行广泛研究。在本研究中，从种植小麦的Çukurova、安纳托利亚中部和GAP地区采集了土壤和植物样本。根据采样时小麦作物的生长阶段，采集旗叶或整株植物样本。同样，从植物采样点采集了表层（0 - 20厘米）和亚表层（20 - 40厘米）土壤样本，研究期间共采集了963个植物样本和1947个土壤样本。安纳托利亚中部、Çukurova和GAP地区旗叶样本中的硫浓度分别在0.18%至0.67%、0.11%至0.59%和0.17%至0.82%之间。根据旗叶样本中的硫浓度，发现Çukurova地区99%的植物硫营养充足。然而，从安纳托利亚中部和GAP地区采集的样本中有49%硫缺乏。表明植物硫营养状况的临界氮硫比低于广泛接受的临界值17。这种低氮硫比是氮营养缺乏而非硫营养缺乏的结果。此外，观察到土壤中植物有效硫（SO - S）浓度在采样省份内部和之间存在差异，表层和亚表层样本的平均值分别为20.6和31.6毫克/千克。SO - S浓度随土壤深度增加而增加。结果表明植物地上部硫浓度与土壤中植物有效硫浓度之间存在显著正相关。总之，在安纳托利亚中部和GAP地区使用含硫肥料必须被视为预防产量和品质损失的重要方法。此外，需要快速且灵敏的植物和土壤分析方法，这些方法还必须考虑当地和特定地点的条件。
