Department of Molecular Biology of Animals, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice n., 32-083 Kraków, Poland.
Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24-28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 14;12(7):1074. doi: 10.3390/genes12071074.
Poland is the largest European producer of goose, while goose breeding has become an essential and still increasing branch of the poultry industry. The most frequently bred goose is the White Kołuda breed, constituting 95% of the country's population, whereas geese of regional varieties are bred in smaller, conservation flocks. However, a goose's genetic diversity is inaccurately explored, mainly because the advantages of the most commonly used tools are strongly limited in non-model organisms. One of the most accurate used markers for population genetics is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). A highly efficient strategy for genome-wide SNP detection is genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), which has been already widely applied in many organisms. This study attempts to use GBS in 12 conservative goose breeds and the White Kołuda breed maintained in Poland. The GBS method allowed for the detection of 3833 common raw SNPs. Nevertheless, after filtering for read depth and alleles characters, we obtained the final markers panel used for a differentiation analysis that comprised 791 SNPs. These variants were located within 11 different genes, and one of the most diversified variants was associated with the gene, which is especially interesting as it participates in the plumage development, which plays a crucial role in goose breeding.
波兰是欧洲最大的鹅生产国，而鹅养殖已成为家禽业中必不可少且仍在不断增长的分支。最常饲养的鹅是白科鲁达（White Kołuda）品种，占该国鹅种群的 95%，而地区品种的鹅则以较小的保护群体饲养。然而，鹅的遗传多样性并未得到充分探索，主要是因为最常用工具的优势在非模式生物中受到严重限制。种群遗传学中最准确的标记之一是单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。全基因组 SNP 检测的一种非常有效的策略是测序分型（GBS），该方法已在许多生物中得到广泛应用。本研究试图在波兰饲养的 12 个保守鹅品种和白科鲁达品种中使用 GBS。GBS 方法允许检测到 3833 个常见的原始 SNP。然而，在过滤读取深度和等位基因特征后，我们获得了最终用于区分分析的标记面板，该面板包含 791 个 SNP。这些变体位于 11 个不同的基因内，其中一个变体最多样化的与 基因有关，这特别有趣，因为它参与了羽毛发育，这在鹅养殖中起着至关重要的作用。
