Ullah Numan, Shahzad Khuram, Wang Mengzhi
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Wenhui Road Campus, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Jul 8;10(7):632. doi: 10.3390/biology10070632.
Metabolic engineering is a cutting-edge field that aims to produce simple, readily available, and inexpensive biomolecules by applying different genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques. Fatty acids (FAs) play an important role in determining the physicochemical properties of membrane lipids and are precursors of biofuels. Microbial production of FAs and FA-derived biofuels has several advantages in terms of sustainability and cost. Conventional yeast is one of the models used for FA synthesis. Several genetic manipulations have been performed to enhance the citrate accumulation and its conversation into acetyl-CoA, a precursor for FA synthesis. Success has been achieved in producing different chemicals, including FAs and their derivatives, through metabolic engineering. However, several hurdles such as slow growth rate, low oleaginicity, and cytotoxicity are still need to be resolved. More robust research needs to be conducted on developing microbes capable of resisting diverse environments, chemicals, and cost-effective feed requirements. Redesigning microbes to produce FAs with cutting-edge synthetic biology and CRISPR techniques can solve these problems. Here, we reviewed the technological progression of metabolic engineering techniques and genetic studies conducted on , making it suitable as a model organism and a great candidate for the production of biomolecules, especially FAs.
代谢工程是一个前沿领域，旨在通过应用不同的基因工程和分子生物学技术来生产简单、易于获取且廉价的生物分子。脂肪酸（FAs）在决定膜脂的物理化学性质方面起着重要作用，并且是生物燃料的前体。微生物生产脂肪酸和脂肪酸衍生的生物燃料在可持续性和成本方面具有多个优势。传统酵母是用于脂肪酸合成的模型之一。已经进行了多种基因操作以增强柠檬酸盐的积累及其向乙酰辅酶A的转化，乙酰辅酶A是脂肪酸合成的前体。通过代谢工程在生产包括脂肪酸及其衍生物在内的不同化学品方面已经取得了成功。然而，诸如生长速率缓慢、低油脂生成能力和细胞毒性等几个障碍仍有待解决。需要开展更深入的研究来开发能够抵抗多种环境、化学品和具有成本效益的饲料需求的微生物。利用前沿的合成生物学和CRISPR技术重新设计微生物以生产脂肪酸可以解决这些问题。在此，我们综述了代谢工程技术的技术进展以及对[具体微生物]进行的遗传研究，使其适合作为生产生物分子尤其是脂肪酸的模型生物和优秀候选者。
