School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Water Res. 2021 Sep 1;202:117463. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117463. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
Sulfonamides (SAs) are among the most widely used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections for humans and animals. They are also used in livestock agriculture to improve growth and feed efficiency in many countries. Recent years, there is a growing concern about the environmental fate and treatment technologies of SAs, in order to eliminate their potential impact on the ecosystem and human health. Additionally, SAs are frequently used as model compounds to evaluate the performance of newly developed advanced water treatment processes. Hence, understanding the chemical reaction features of SAs can provide valuable information for further technological development. In this review, the reaction kinetics, abiotic transformations and corresponding ecotoxicity changes of SAs in natural environments and water treatment processes were comprehensively analyzed to draw critical suggestion and new insights. The •OH-based AOP is proposed as an effective method for the elimination of SAs toxicity, although it is susceptible to water constituent due to low selectivity. The application of biochar or metal-based oxidants in AOPs is becoming a future trend for SA treatment. Overall, this review would provide useful information for the development of advanced water treatment technologies and the control of ecological risks related to SAs.
磺胺类药物（SAs）是人类和动物治疗细菌感染最广泛使用的抗生素之一。它们也被用于畜牧业，以提高许多国家的生长和饲料效率。近年来，人们越来越关注 SAs 的环境归宿和处理技术，以消除其对生态系统和人类健康的潜在影响。此外，SAs 经常被用作模型化合物，以评估新开发的先进水处理工艺的性能。因此，了解 SAs 的化学反应特征可以为进一步的技术发展提供有价值的信息。在这篇综述中，全面分析了 SAs 在自然环境和水处理过程中的反应动力学、非生物转化及其相应的生态毒性变化，以得出关键的建议和新的见解。基于•OH 的高级氧化工艺（AOP）被提议作为消除 SAs 毒性的有效方法，尽管由于选择性低，它容易受到水成分的影响。生物炭或基于金属的氧化剂在 AOP 中的应用正成为 SAs 处理的未来趋势。总的来说，本综述将为先进水处理技术的发展和与 SAs 相关的生态风险控制提供有用的信息。
