García-Márquez Jorge, Galafat Alba, Alarcón Francisco Javier, Figueroa Félix L, Martínez-Manzanares Eduardo, Arijo Salvador, Abdala-Díaz Roberto Teófilo
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Departamento de Biología y Geología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CEIMAR, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jul 15;11(7):2112. doi: 10.3390/ani11072112.
The thick-lipped grey mullet () is a nominee fish species for aquaculture diversification in Spain because it is an omnivore and euryhaline species, but limited knowledge about the nutritional attributes of this species is available. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of wild and cultured fish. The muscle proximate composition, and fatty acid and amino acid profiles were assessed. The cultivated specimens showed a higher lipid content and lower protein and ash contents compared with the wild specimens. The predominant tissue fatty acids in both the wild and cultivated fish were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). A higher content of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and DHA were detected in the muscle of wild mullets, while the fish supplied with commercial pellets showed higher quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower quantities of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Regarding PUFAs, n-3 fatty acids were predominant in wild mullets, while n-6 and n-9 were more abundant in farmed fish. In terms of amino acid composition, except for histidine in wild specimens, the amino acid amounts were higher than the FAO/WHO standard. In conclusion, may contribute to improving the dietary intake of highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, with a benefit to human health, owing to that fact that a 100-g fillet portion of cultivated and wild can provide 770 mg and 1160 mg of EPA and DHA, respectively, which exceeds the 250 mg dietary daily intake recommended by the FAO/WHO.
厚唇鲻鱼是西班牙水产养殖多样化的候选鱼类品种，因为它是杂食性广盐性物种，但关于该物种营养特性的知识有限。本研究旨在表征野生和养殖鱼类的化学成分。评估了肌肉的近似组成、脂肪酸和氨基酸谱。与野生样本相比，养殖样本的脂质含量较高，蛋白质和灰分含量较低。野生和养殖鱼类中主要的组织脂肪酸为棕榈酸（16:0）、油酸（18:1n-9）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3）。在野生鲻鱼肌肉中检测到较高含量的花生四烯酸（ARA，20:4n-6）、二十碳五烯酸（20:5n-3）和DHA，而投喂商业颗粒饲料的鱼类单不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量较低。关于PUFA，野生鲻鱼中n-3脂肪酸占主导，而养殖鱼类中n-6和n-9脂肪酸更为丰富。在氨基酸组成方面，除野生样本中的组氨酸外，氨基酸含量均高于粮农组织/世界卫生组织标准。总之，由于100克养殖和野生厚唇鲻鱼片分别可提供770毫克和1160毫克的EPA和DHA，超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织建议的每日250毫克的膳食摄入量，厚唇鲻鱼可能有助于改善高多不饱和n-3脂肪酸的膳食摄入量，对人类健康有益。
