Hisada Yohei, Mackman Nigel
UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jul 30;13(15):3839. doi: 10.3390/cancers13153839.
Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for FVII/FVIIa and initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Tumors and cancer cells express TF that can be released in the form of TF positive (TF+) extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we summarize the studies of tumor TF and TF + EVs, and their association with activation of coagulation and survival in cancer patients. We also summarize the role of tumor-derived TF + EVs in venous thrombosis in mouse models. Levels of tumor TF and TF + EVs are associated with venous thromboembolism in pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, levels of EVTF activity are associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. Furthermore, tumor-derived TF + EVs enhance venous thrombosis in mice. Tumor TF and TF + EVs are also associated with worse survival in cancer patients, particularly in pancreatic cancer patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify pancreatic cancer patients at risk for venous thrombosis and cancer patients at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation. EVTF activity may also be a useful prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
组织因子（TF）是一种跨膜糖蛋白，作为FVII/FVIIa的受体发挥作用，并启动外源性凝血途径。肿瘤和癌细胞表达TF，其可以以TF阳性（TF+）细胞外囊泡（EVs）的形式释放。在本综述中，我们总结了肿瘤TF和TF+ EVs的研究，以及它们与癌症患者凝血激活和生存的关联。我们还总结了肿瘤来源的TF+ EVs在小鼠模型静脉血栓形成中的作用。肿瘤TF和TF+ EVs的水平与胰腺癌患者的静脉血栓栓塞相关。此外，EVTF活性水平与癌症患者的弥散性血管内凝血相关。此外，肿瘤来源的TF+ EVs会增强小鼠的静脉血栓形成。肿瘤TF和TF+ EVs也与癌症患者，尤其是胰腺癌患者的较差生存相关。这些研究表明，EVTF活性可作为一种生物标志物，用于识别有静脉血栓形成风险的胰腺癌患者和有弥散性血管内凝血风险的癌症患者。EVTF活性也可能是癌症患者有用的预后生物标志物。
