Spehner Laurie, Boustani Jihane, Cabel Luc, Doyen Jérôme, Vienot Angélique, Borg Christophe, Kim Stefano
Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique Research Unit INSERM UMR1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25020 Besançon, France.
Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Aug 2;13(15):3895. doi: 10.3390/cancers13153895.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus is an orphan disease, and after more than three decades of no substantial advances in disease knowledge and treatment, it is finally gaining momentum with the arrival of a taxane-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Currently, about 20 combination clinical trials with an anti-PD1/L1 are ongoing in localized and advanced stages, in association with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor vaccines, anti-CTLA4, anti-EGFR, or antiangiogenic molecules. Moreover, a new biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity such as HPV circulating tumor DNA (HPV ctDNA) by liquid biopsy, is improving not only the prognostic measurement but also the treatment strategy guidance for this disease. Finally, better understanding of potential targets is reshaping the present and future clinical research in this unique, HPV genotype-16-related disease in the great majority of patients.
肛门鳞状细胞癌是一种罕见病，在疾病认知和治疗方面历经三十多年没有实质性进展后，随着紫杉烷类化疗和免疫疗法的出现，其研究终于开始加速。目前，约有20项联合抗PD1/L1的临床试验正在局部和晚期阶段进行，这些试验联合了放疗、化疗、肿瘤疫苗、抗CTLA4、抗EGFR或抗血管生成分子。此外，一种通过液体活检检测的具有高灵敏度和特异性的新型生物标志物，如人乳头瘤病毒循环肿瘤DNA（HPV ctDNA），不仅改善了对该疾病的预后评估，还为治疗策略提供了指导。最后，对潜在靶点的深入理解正在重塑这种在绝大多数患者中与HPV 16型相关的独特疾病的当前和未来临床研究。
