A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 22;22(15):7836. doi: 10.3390/ijms22157836.
The primary function of the endothelial cells (EC) lining the inner surface of all vessels is to regulate permeability of vascular walls and to control exchange between circulating blood and tissue fluids of organs. The EC actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization result in EC contraction and provides a structural basis for the increase in vascular permeability, which is typical for many diseases. Actin cytoskeleton in non-muscle cells presented two actin isoforms: non-muscle β-cytoplasmic and γ-cytoplasmic actins (β-actins and γ-actins), which are encoded by ACTB and ACTG1 genes, respectively. They are ubiquitously expressed in the different cells in vivo and in vitro and the β/γ-actin ratio depends on the cell type. Both cytoplasmic actins are essential for cell survival, but they perform various functions in the interphase and cell division and play different roles in neoplastic transformation. In this review, we briefly summarize the research results of recent years and consider the features of the cytoplasmic actins: The spatial organization in close connection with their functional activity in different cell types by focusing on endothelial cells.
内皮细胞（EC）在内皮表面的主要功能是调节血管壁的通透性，并控制循环血液与器官组织液之间的交换。EC 肌动蛋白细胞骨架在维持内皮屏障功能方面起着至关重要的作用。肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重排导致 EC 收缩，并为血管通透性增加提供结构基础，这是许多疾病的典型特征。非肌肉细胞中的肌动蛋白细胞骨架呈现出两种肌动蛋白异构体：非肌肉β-细胞质和γ-细胞质肌动蛋白（β-肌动蛋白和 γ-肌动蛋白），它们分别由 ACTB 和 ACTG1 基因编码。它们在体内和体外的不同细胞中广泛表达，β/γ-肌动蛋白的比例取决于细胞类型。两种细胞质肌动蛋白对于细胞存活都是必不可少的，但它们在间期和细胞分裂中执行不同的功能，并在肿瘤转化中发挥不同的作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了近年来的研究结果，并考虑了细胞质肌动蛋白的特点：通过关注内皮细胞，与它们在不同细胞类型中的功能活性密切相关的空间组织。
