Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
Molecules. 2021 Aug 2;26(15):4675. doi: 10.3390/molecules26154675.
Grammicin, a polyketide metabolite produced by the endolichenic fungus KCTC 13121BP, shows strong nematicidal activity against This study was performed to elucidate the grammicin biosynthesis pathway of KCTC 13121BP and to examine the nematicidal activity of the biosynthesis intermediates and derivatives against . Two grammicin biosynthesis intermediates were isolated from a T-DNA insertion transformant (strain TR-74) of KCTC 13121BP and identified as 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (compound ) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (compound ), which were also reported to be intermediates in the biosynthesis pathway of patulin, an isomer of grammicin. This indicates that the grammicin biosynthesis pathway overlaps almost with that of patulin, except for the last few steps. Among 13 grammicin biosynthesis intermediates and their derivatives (except grammicin), toluquinol caused the highest J2 mortality, with an LC value of 11.13 µg/mL, which is similar to grammicin with an LC value of 15.95 µg/mL. In tomato pot experiments, the wettable powder type formulations (WP) of toluquinol (17.78 µg/mL) and grammicin (17.78 µg/mL) also effectively reduced gall formation on the roots of tomato plants with control values of 72.22% and 77.76%, respectively, which are much higher than abamectin (16.67%), but lower than fosthiazate (100%). The results suggest that toluquinol can be used directly as a biochemical nematicide or as a lead molecule for the development of new synthetic nematicides for the control of root-knot nematode diseases.
杆菌肽，一种由内生真菌 KCTC 13121BP 产生的聚酮代谢产物，对根结线虫具有很强的杀线虫活性。本研究旨在阐明 KCTC 13121BP 的杆菌肽生物合成途径，并研究生物合成中间产物和衍生物对根结线虫的杀线虫活性。从 KCTC 13121BP 的 T-DNA 插入转化体（菌株 TR-74）中分离出两种杆菌肽生物合成中间体，并鉴定为 2-（羟甲基）环己-2,5-二烯-1,4-二酮（化合物 ）和 2,5-二羟基苯甲醛（化合物 ），这两种化合物也被报道为棒曲霉素（杆菌肽的异构体）生物合成途径中的中间体。这表明杆菌肽生物合成途径与棒曲霉素的生物合成途径几乎重叠，除了最后几步。在 13 种杆菌肽生物合成中间产物及其衍生物（除杆菌肽外）中，甲苯醌引起的 J2 死亡率最高，LC 值为 11.13 µg/mL，与 LC 值为 15.95 µg/mL 的杆菌肽相似。在番茄盆栽试验中，甲苯醌（17.78 µg/mL）和杆菌肽（17.78 µg/mL）的可湿性粉剂（WP）制剂也有效地降低了番茄根系结瘤的形成，对照值分别为 72.22%和 77.76%，明显高于阿维菌素（16.67%），但低于甲霜灵（100%）。结果表明，甲苯醌可直接用作生化杀线虫剂或作为开发新型合成杀线虫剂防治根结线虫病的先导化合物。
