International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.
Department of Agronomy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, 70001, Nigeria.
Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 6;11(1):16018. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95172-7.
Low nutrient use efficiency in maize as a result of imbalanced nutrition has been reported to drastically reduce yield. We implemented a nutrient omission experiment to assess the effect of nutrient application on maize yield and nutritional balance. Maize ear leaves were analyzed for nutrients, to identify nutrient balance status using the Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach. Results indicated that omission of N or P resulted in highly imbalanced DRIS indices respectively, and significantly lower grain yield. A strong inverse relationship between K ear leaf content with DRIS index suggests that K application negatively increases K imbalance in many situations. Imbalances of Mg, Ca and Cu were more associated with higher yielding treatments. A Which-Won-Where result show that nutrient imbalances in the diagnosis were systematically frequent when N was omitted. All the diagnosed nutrients were imbalanced even under the highest yielding NPKZn treatment; indicating further opportunity for yield increase with more balanced nutrition. Balanced nutrition of maize in the maize belt of Nigeria should target application of varying rates of N, P, K, Mg, S and Zn, depending on the soil conditions. But, because of complexities of nutrient interactions during uptake, it is hardly possible to realize a balanced nutrition. However, differentiating the application of antagonistic nutrients into foliar or soil-based methods is recommended for a more balanced maize nutrition.
由于营养不平衡导致玉米的养分利用效率低下，据报道这会极大地降低产量。我们实施了一项养分缺失实验，以评估养分应用对玉米产量和营养平衡的影响。我们分析了玉米穗叶的养分，使用诊断和推荐综合系统（DRIS）方法来确定养分平衡状况。结果表明，氮或磷的缺失分别导致了高度不平衡的 DRIS 指数，从而显著降低了谷物产量。钾穗叶含量与 DRIS 指数之间存在强烈的反比关系，表明在许多情况下，钾的施用会导致钾的不平衡增加。镁、钙和铜的不平衡与更高产量的处理更相关。一个赢家在哪里的结果表明，在诊断中，当氮被省略时，养分失衡的情况更为频繁。即使在最高产的 NPKZn 处理下，所有诊断出的养分都不平衡；这表明通过更平衡的营养可以进一步提高产量。尼日利亚玉米带的玉米的平衡营养应该针对不同的氮、磷、钾、镁、硫和锌施用量，这取决于土壤条件。但是，由于养分在吸收过程中的相互作用的复杂性，很难实现平衡的营养。然而，建议将拮抗养分的应用区分到叶面或土壤方法中，以实现更平衡的玉米营养。
