College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 20;9(1):4947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41364-1.
Planting patterns affect nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) acquisition and distribution in maize and soybean under intercropping conditions. Here we reveal that strip relay-intercropping increases the N, P, and K uptake and distribution across plant organs (root, straw, and seed) of maize and soybean, accelerates the dry-matter production of intercrop-species, and compensates the slight maize yield loss by considerably increasing the soybean yield. In a two-year experiment, soybean was planted with maize in different planting patterns (SI, 50:50 cm and SII, 40:160 cm) of relay-intercropping, both planting patterns were compared with sole cropping of maize (SM) and soybean (SS). As compared to SI, SII increased the N, P, and K accumulation in each organ of soybean by 20, 32, and 18 (root) %, 71, 61, and 76 (straw) %, and 68, 65, and 62 (seed) %, respectively, whereas decreased the N, P, and K accumulation in each organ of maize by 1, 4, and 8 (root) %, 1, 10, and 3 (straw) %, and 5, 10, and 8 (seed) %, respectively. Overall, in SII, relay-cropped soybean accumulated 91% of total nutrient uptake (TNU) of sole soybean plants, and relay-cropped maize accumulated 94% of TNU of sole maize plants.
间作条件下，种植模式会影响玉米和大豆对氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）的吸收和分配。本研究揭示，条带式间作增加了玉米和大豆各器官（根、秸秆和种子）对 N、P 和 K 的吸收和分布，加速了间作物种的干物质生产，并通过显著增加大豆产量来弥补玉米产量的轻微损失。在为期两年的试验中，大豆与玉米以不同的间作种植模式（SI，50:50cm 和 SII，40:160cm）进行间作，这两种种植模式均与玉米单作（SM）和大豆单作（SS）进行了比较。与 SI 相比，SII 分别使大豆各器官的 N、P 和 K 积累增加了 20%、32%和 18%（根）、71%、61%和 76%（秸秆）和 68%、65%和 62%（种子），而使玉米各器官的 N、P 和 K 积累减少了 1%、4%和 8%（根）、1%、10%和 3%（秸秆）和 5%、10%和 8%（种子）。总体而言，在 SII 中，间作大豆积累了单作大豆植株总养分吸收量（TNU）的 91%，间作玉米积累了单作玉米植株 TNU 的 94%。
