Ilić Nataša, Kosanović Maja, Gruden-Movsesijan Alisa, Glamočlija Sofija, Sofronić-Milosavljević Ljiljana, Čolić Miodrag, Tomić Sergej
Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University in Belgrade, Serbia.
Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University in Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
Immunol Lett. 2021 Oct;238:57-67. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.012. Epub 2021 Aug 5.
The rapid increase in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in recent decades, especially in developed countries, coincided with improved living conditions and healthcare. Part of this increase could be ascribed to the lack of exposure to infectious agents like helminths that co-evolved with us and display potent immune regulatory actions. In this review we discussed many investigations, including our own, showing that Trichinella spiralis via its excretory-secretory products attenuate Th1/Th17 immunopathological response in autoimmunity and potentiate the protective Th2 and or regulatory T cell response, acting as an effective induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), and probably mimicking the autoantigen in some diseases. A recent discovery of T. spiralis extracellular vesicles (TsEVs) suggested that inducing a complex regulation of the immune response requires simultaneous delivery of different signals in nano-sized packages. Indeed, different artificial nanomedical approaches discussed here suggested that co-delivery of multiple signals via nanoparticles is the most promising strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Although a long way is ahead of us before we could completely replicate natural nano-delivery systems which are both safe and potent in restoring self-tolerance, a clear path is being opened from a careful examination of parasite-host interactions.
近几十年来，自身免疫性疾病的患病率迅速上升，尤其是在发达国家，这与生活条件和医疗保健的改善同时出现。这种增加的部分原因可能是缺乏接触与我们共同进化并具有强大免疫调节作用的病原体，如蠕虫。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了许多研究，包括我们自己的研究，这些研究表明旋毛虫通过其排泄分泌产物减弱自身免疫中的Th1/Th17免疫病理反应，并增强保护性Th2和/或调节性T细胞反应，作为诱导耐受性树突状细胞（DCs）的有效方式，并且可能在某些疾病中模拟自身抗原。最近对旋毛虫细胞外囊泡（TsEVs）的发现表明，诱导免疫反应的复杂调节需要在纳米大小的包裹中同时传递不同的信号。事实上，这里讨论的不同人工纳米医学方法表明，通过纳米颗粒共同传递多种信号是治疗自身免疫性疾病最有前景的策略。尽管在我们能够完全复制既安全又能有效恢复自身耐受性的天然纳米递送系统之前还有很长的路要走，但通过仔细研究寄生虫与宿主的相互作用，一条清晰的道路正在打开。
