Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
School of Physical Therapy, MCPHS University, Worcester, MA, USA.
Work. 2021;69(4):1261-1270. doi: 10.3233/WOR-213547.
The excessive use of hand-held mobile devices (HHMD) leads to a postural phenomenon known as text neck.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the anatomical, biomechanical and muscle activation changes within the cervical and thoracic regions associated with the sustained, forward, flexed neck posture, observed with excessive usage of hand-held mobile devices. Additionally, this paper examines the relationship of gender, as well as the effects of carrying backpack loads by youth, on this forward, flexed neck posture.
Multiple aspects of the text neck position that occur when an individual uses a HHMD are described.
Prolonged use of hand-held mobile devices results in adverse anatomical and biomechanical changes in the cervical and thoracic spine, muscular imbalances, and postural compensations, all of which contribute to muscular overuse and fatigue resulting in pain.
Physical therapists must educate their patients about proper posture while using hand-held mobile devices. Proper posture includes: holding the device close to eye level, using the device while standing or sitting and holding the device with a line of sight perpendicular to the surface of the device, using a larger screen, and texting with both hands. Also, because children are using hand held mobile devices at younger ages, parents and teachers must be educated about the dangers of prolonged use of hand-held devices.
过度使用手持移动设备（HHMD）会导致一种称为“文本颈”的姿势现象。
本文旨在讨论与持续、前倾、弯曲颈部姿势相关的颈椎和胸椎区域的解剖学、生物力学和肌肉激活变化，这种姿势是由于过度使用手持移动设备而产生的。此外，本文还研究了性别以及青少年背包负荷对这种前倾、弯曲颈部姿势的影响。
描述了个体使用 HHMD 时出现的文本颈位置的多个方面。
长时间使用手持移动设备会导致颈椎和胸椎的解剖和生物力学发生不良变化、肌肉失衡和姿势补偿，所有这些都会导致肌肉过度使用和疲劳，从而引起疼痛。
物理治疗师必须教育他们的患者在使用手持移动设备时保持正确的姿势。正确的姿势包括：将设备靠近眼睛水平位置、站立或坐着使用设备、使设备视线与设备表面垂直、使用更大的屏幕、双手打字。此外，由于儿童在更小的年龄就开始使用手持移动设备，因此家长和教师必须了解长时间使用手持设备的危害。
