Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Midlands State University, P.Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe.
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021 Aug 9;53(4):431. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02881-2.
The larval packet test (LPT) was used to investigate resistance in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks to the amidine (amitraz) and organophosphate (chlorfenvinphos) chemical acaricides in different farming systems in Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe. The study results showed emerging resistance (ER) to amitraz in small-scale and commercial farming systems. The tick populations in communal farming systems were susceptible to both acaricides. A similar trend was observed for chlorfenvinphos, where ER was observed in the small-scale farming systems compared to communal and commercial farms. Furthermore, resistance ratios (RR) were higher for amitraz as compared to chlorfenvinphos. This study suggests that management practices, acaricide formulations, applications on cattle, intensity, and frequency of use could be pre-disposing factors for the emerging resistance towards amitraz observed in R. appendiculatus ticks found in small-scale and commercial farming systems. Amitraz is the most common and frequently used acaricides in all farming systems, and hence, resistance is developing much faster than organophosphates. There is a need to investigate further acaricide use and management practices in Zimbabwe's cattle farming systems to develop practical strategies for prevention and management of tick acaricide resistance.
幼虫包测试 (LPT) 用于调查津巴布韦西马绍纳兰省不同农业系统中蜱虫（硬蜱属）对脒类（双甲脒）和有机磷（氯菊酯）杀蜱化学药物的抗药性。研究结果表明，小规模和商业农业系统中出现了对双甲脒的抗药性（ER）。社区农业系统中的蜱虫种群对两种杀蜱剂均敏感。氯菊酯也观察到了类似的趋势，小规模农业系统中出现了 ER，而社区和商业农场则没有。此外，双甲脒的抗性比（RR）高于氯菊酯。本研究表明，管理实践、杀蜱剂配方、在牛身上的应用、强度和使用频率可能是导致小规模和商业农业系统中发现的硬蜱属蜱对双甲脒出现抗药性的诱发因素。双甲脒是所有农业系统中最常见和最常使用的杀蜱剂，因此，它的抗药性比有机磷发展得更快。有必要进一步调查津巴布韦牛养殖系统中的杀蜱剂使用和管理实践，以制定预防和管理蜱类杀蜱剂抗药性的实用策略。
