Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
PLoS One. 2021 Aug 9;16(8):e0255745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255745. eCollection 2021.
Epidemiological studies show that the use of cannabis is related to the use of other illicit drugs, including stimulants such as cocaine and ecstasy. However, few studies have examined how patterns of cannabis use relate to the use of stimulants. In this research we determined relationships between patterns of cannabis use and recent stimulant use, drawing on data from two large nationally representative surveys. We also explored how frequency of cannabis use relates to stimulant use and whether subjects with a cannabis use disorder (CUD)-defined as cannabis abuse or dependence-are more likely to be recent users of cocaine or ecstasy.
We analysed data from Ireland's 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys,which recruited 5,134 and 7,005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those people who reported some past cannabis use. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between patterns of cannabis use and recent stimulant use.
Among survey participants who had used cannabis in the last month, 17.9% reported recent cocaine use, while almost one-quarter (23.6%) reported recent ecstasy use. There was a significant linear relationship between patterns of cannabis use and recent use of cocaine, ecstasy or any stimulant, with last month cannabis users displaying greater odds (OR = 12.03, 95% CI: 8.15-17.78) of having recent stimulant use compared to last year (OR = 4.48, 95% CI: 2.91-6.91) and former (reference) cannabis users. Greater frequency of cannabis use in the last 30 days was also significantly related to the use of stimulants. In addition, results demonstrated an association between CUD and recent use of cocaine or ecstasy (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.55-3.35).
Findings from this study suggest a relationship between patterns and frequency of cannabis use and recent use of stimulants and an association between CUD and stimulant use. As the use of cannabis with stimulants may increase the risk of negative health consequences, education in community and medical settings about polydrug use and its increased risks may be warranted.
流行病学研究表明，大麻的使用与其他非法药物的使用有关，包括可卡因和摇头丸等兴奋剂。然而，很少有研究调查大麻使用模式与兴奋剂使用之间的关系。在这项研究中，我们根据来自两项大型全国代表性调查的数据，确定了大麻使用模式与近期兴奋剂使用之间的关系。我们还探讨了大麻使用频率与兴奋剂使用的关系，以及是否具有大麻使用障碍（定义为大麻滥用或依赖）的受试者更有可能成为可卡因或摇头丸的近期使用者。
我们分析了爱尔兰 2010/11 年和 2014/15 年全国毒品流行情况调查的数据，这两项调查分别招募了 5134 名和 7005 名年龄在 15 岁及以上、居住在私人家庭中的个体。我们只包括那些过去曾使用过大麻的人。多变量逻辑回归分析用于检查大麻使用模式与近期兴奋剂使用之间的关联。
在过去一个月内使用过大麻的调查参与者中，17.9%报告最近使用过可卡因，而近四分之一（23.6%）报告最近使用过摇头丸。大麻使用模式与最近使用可卡因、摇头丸或任何兴奋剂之间存在显著线性关系，上个月使用大麻的人近期使用兴奋剂的可能性（OR=12.03，95%CI：8.15-17.78）明显高于去年（OR=4.48，95%CI：2.91-6.91）和以前（参考）使用大麻的人。过去 30 天内更频繁地使用大麻也与兴奋剂的使用显著相关。此外，结果表明，大麻使用障碍与最近使用可卡因或摇头丸之间存在关联（OR=2.28，95%CI：1.55-3.35）。
这项研究的结果表明，大麻使用模式和频率与近期兴奋剂使用之间存在关系，大麻使用障碍与兴奋剂使用之间存在关联。由于大麻与兴奋剂一起使用可能会增加负面健康后果的风险，因此在社区和医疗环境中进行关于多药使用及其增加风险的教育可能是必要的。
