Huang Chi-Ya, Liu I-Hsuan, Huang Xiang-Zhe, Chen Hui-Jen, Chang Shang-Tzen, Chang Mei-Ling, Ho Yu-Tung, Chang Hui-Ting
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Jul 10;13(7):1059. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071059.
The melanogenesis inhibition effect in zebrafish () and antityrosinase activity of the ethanolic extract and its phytochemicals from Ceylon olive ( Linn.) leaves were investigated in this study. Among the leaf extract and four soluble fractions, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibits the best antityrosinase and antimelanogenesis activities. One phenolic acid, gallic acid, and two flavonoids, myricetin and mearnsetin, are isolated from the active subfractions through the bioassay-guided isolation; their structures are elucidated based on the 1D and 2D NMR, FTIR, UV, and MS spectroscopic analyses. These compounds have significant antityrosinase activity whether using l-tyrosine or l-DOPA as the substrate; mearnsetin shows the optimal activity. In the enzyme kinetic investigation, both gallic acid and mearnsetin are the competitive-type inhibitors against mushroom tyrosinase, and myricetin acts as a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Leaf extract and an ethyl acetate soluble fraction show effective performance in the inhibition of melanin formation in zebrafish embryos. Mearnsetin also possesses a promising antimelanogenesis effect, which is superior to the positive control, arbutin. Results reveal that the Ceylon olive leaf extract and its phytochemicals, especially mearnsetin, have the potential to be used as antimelanogenesis and skin-whitening ingredients.
本研究考察了锡兰橄榄（Linn.）叶乙醇提取物及其植物化学成分对斑马鱼的黑色素生成抑制作用和抗酪氨酸酶活性。在叶提取物和四个可溶级分中，乙酸乙酯可溶级分表现出最佳的抗酪氨酸酶和抗黑色素生成活性。通过生物活性导向分离从活性亚级分中分离出一种酚酸（没食子酸）和两种黄酮类化合物（杨梅素和异鼠李素）；基于一维和二维核磁共振、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱和质谱分析对其结构进行了阐明。无论以L-酪氨酸还是L-多巴为底物，这些化合物都具有显著的抗酪氨酸酶活性；异鼠李素表现出最佳活性。在酶动力学研究中，没食子酸和异鼠李素都是蘑菇酪氨酸酶的竞争性抑制剂，而杨梅素是混合型酪氨酸酶抑制剂。叶提取物和乙酸乙酯可溶级分在抑制斑马鱼胚胎黑色素形成方面表现出有效性能。异鼠李素也具有良好的抗黑色素生成作用，优于阳性对照药熊果苷。结果表明，锡兰橄榄叶提取物及其植物化学成分，尤其是异鼠李素，有潜力用作抗黑色素生成和皮肤美白成分。
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